Alphabetical index

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B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

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A

ADEOS
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
Aerosol
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review by E. R. Graber and Y. Rudich, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729-753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-827-2005, 2005
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
  Hide
- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Meteor smoke influences on the D-region charge balance – review of recent in situ measurements and one-dimensional model results by C. Baumann et al., Ann. Geophys., 31, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2049-2013, 2013
- Global fungal spore emissions, review and synthesis of literature data by A. Sesartic and T. N. Dallafior, Biogeosciences, 8, 1181-1192, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1181-2011, 2011
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere by R.-S. Massad et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10359-10386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10359-2010, 2010
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Self-sustained vibrations in volcanic areas extracted by Independent Component Analysis: a review and new results by E. De Lauro et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 18, 925-940, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-925-2011, 2011
- Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1199-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1199-2012, 2012
- A review of turbulence measurements using ground-based wind lidars by A. Sathe and J. Mann, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3147-3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3147-2013, 2013
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review by T. R. Duhl et al., Biogeosciences, 5, 761-777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- Reviews and syntheses: Australian vegetation phenology: new insights from satellite remote sensing and digital repeat photography by Caitlin E. Moore et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 5085-5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
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- The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues by M. Hallquist et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155-5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009
- A review of experimental techniques for aerosol hygroscopicity studies by Mingjin Tang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12631-12686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12631-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  Hygroscopicity is one of the most important properties of aerosol particles, and a number of experimental techniques, which differ largely in principles, configurations and cost, have been developed to investigate hygroscopic properties of atmospherically relevant particles. Our paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of available techniques for aerosol hygroscopicity studies.
  
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- Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs by Rebecca L. Jackson et al., Biogeosciences, 17, 2181-2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Coral reefs are a strong source of atmospheric sulfur through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). This biogenic sulfur can influence aerosol and cloud properties and, consequently, the radiative balance over the ocean. DMS emissions may therefore help to mitigate coral physiological stress via increased low-level cloud cover and reduced sea surface temperature. The importance of DMS in coral physiology and climate is reviewed and the implications for coral bleaching are discussed.
  
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- The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds by Havala O. T. Pye et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4809-4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Acid rain is recognized for its impacts on human health and ecosystems, and programs to mitigate these effects have had implications for atmospheric acidity. Historical measurements indicate that cloud and fog droplet acidity has changed in recent decades in response to controls on emissions from human activity, while the limited trend data for suspended particles indicate acidity may be relatively constant. This review synthesizes knowledge on the acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds.
  
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Air quality
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere by R.-S. Massad et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10359-10386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10359-2010, 2010
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
  Hide
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
  Hide
- Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review by Lei Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417-2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
  Hide
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- Use of column experiments to investigate the fate of organic micropollutants – a review by Stefan Banzhaf and Klaus H. Hebig, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3719-3737, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3719-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  We present a review of how transport and fate of micropollutants, i.e., pharmaceuticals and pesticides that are found in groundwater worldwide, can be studied using a laboratory setup of column experiments. Hereby, transport relevant processes are presented and which compounds and which of their properties can be studied with column experiments. We discuss advantages of this laboratory method and show weaknesses and problems.
  
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- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review by T. R. Duhl et al., Biogeosciences, 5, 761-777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review by David S. McLagan et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061-3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
  
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- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
Airplane
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- Underlying mechanisms of transient luminous events: a review by V. V. Surkov and M. Hayakawa, Ann. Geophys., 30, 1185-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1185-2012, 2012
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
AMSU
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
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- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
Antarctic
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
  Hide
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- Diversity of Arctic pelagic Bacteria with an emphasis on photoheterotrophs: a review by D. Boeuf et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 3309-3322, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3309-2014, 2014
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- A review of the role of submarine canyons in deep-ocean exchange with the shelf by S. E. Allen and X. Durrieu de Madron, Ocean Sci., 5, 607-620, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-607-2009, 2009
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review by E. R. Graber and Y. Rudich, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729-753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Dendrogeomorphology and high-magnitude snow avalanches: a review and case study by D. R. Butler and C. F. Sawyer, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 303-309, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-303-2008, 2008
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- Review Article: "The Lagrangian description of aperiodic flows: a case study of the Kuroshio Current" by C. Mendoza and A. M. Mancho, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 449-472, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-449-2012, 2012
- The PC index: review of methods by H. McCreadie and M. Menvielle, Ann. Geophys., 28, 1887-1903, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1887-2010, 2010
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- Reviews and syntheses: the first records of deep-sea fauna – a correction and discussion by W. Etter and H. Hess, Biogeosciences, 12, 6453-6462, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6453-2015, 2015
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- Chemical and physical transformations of mercury in the ocean: a review by N. Batrakova et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 1047-1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1047-2014, 2014
- Self-sustained vibrations in volcanic areas extracted by Independent Component Analysis: a review and new results by E. De Lauro et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 18, 925-940, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-925-2011, 2011
- Review Article: Lake and breach hazard assessment for moraine-dammed lakes: an example from the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) by A. Emmer and V. Vilímek, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1551-1565, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1551-2013, 2013
- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
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- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- Bacterial carbon sources in coastal sediments: a cross-system analysis based on stable isotope data of biomarkers by S. Bouillon and H. T. S. Boschker, Biogeosciences, 3, 175-185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-175-2006, 2006
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review by David S. McLagan et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061-3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
  
  Hide
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
Anti-Greenhouse Effect
Anticyclone
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth's upper atmosphere (review) by A. G. Khantadze et al., Ann. Geophys., 28, 1387-1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1387-2010, 2010
Arctic
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Diversity of Arctic pelagic Bacteria with an emphasis on photoheterotrophs: a review by D. Boeuf et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 3309-3322, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3309-2014, 2014
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
  Hide
- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- Northern peatland carbon stocks and dynamics: a review by Z. C. Yu, Biogeosciences, 9, 4071-4085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4071-2012, 2012
- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems by Khan M. G. Mostofa et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 1767-1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016, 2016
- A review of the role of submarine canyons in deep-ocean exchange with the shelf by S. E. Allen and X. Durrieu de Madron, Ocean Sci., 5, 607-620, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-607-2009, 2009
- Dendrogeomorphology and high-magnitude snow avalanches: a review and case study by D. R. Butler and C. F. Sawyer, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 303-309, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-303-2008, 2008
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Chemical and physical transformations of mercury in the ocean: a review by N. Batrakova et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 1047-1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1047-2014, 2014
- Review: visual analytics of climate networks by T. Nocke et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 545-570, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-545-2015, 2015
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review by David S. McLagan et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061-3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
  
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- Review article "On the origins of decadal climate variability: a network perspective" by A. A. Tsonis and K. L. Swanson, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 559-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-559-2012, 2012
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- Reviews and syntheses: the first records of deep-sea fauna – a correction and discussion by W. Etter and H. Hess, Biogeosciences, 12, 6453-6462, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6453-2015, 2015
- Reviews and syntheses: Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to total carbon burial by L. H. van der Heijden and N. A. Kamenos, Biogeosciences, 12, 6429-6441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6429-2015, 2015
- The PC index: review of methods by H. McCreadie and M. Menvielle, Ann. Geophys., 28, 1887-1903, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1887-2010, 2010
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1199-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1199-2012, 2012
- Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems by J. E. Cloern et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 2477-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014, 2014
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Review Article: Lake and breach hazard assessment for moraine-dammed lakes: an example from the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) by A. Emmer and V. Vilímek, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1551-1565, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1551-2013, 2013
- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
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- Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands treating wastewater: a review by M. M. R. Jahangir et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 109-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-109-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in constructed wetlands is inconsistent and does not reveal whether the removal processes are from physical attenuation or transformation to other reactive forms. Previous research did not consider "pollution swapping" driven by transformational processes. Herein the biogeochemical dynamics and fate of carbon and nitrogen and their potential impact on the environment, as well as novel ways in which these knowledge gaps may be eliminated, are explored.
  
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- Modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics and hypoxia by M. A. Peña et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 933-957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-933-2010, 2010
- Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review by T. R. Duhl et al., Biogeosciences, 5, 761-777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China's forest ecosystems by Z. H. Zhou and C. K. Wang, Biogeosciences, 12, 6751-6760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6751-2015, 2015
- Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint by J. A. Gamon, Biogeosciences, 12, 4509-4523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4509-2015, 2015
- Analysis of ionospheric electrodynamic parameters on mesoscales – a review of selected techniques using data from ground-based observation networks and satellites by H. Vanhamäki and O. Amm, Ann. Geophys., 29, 467-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-467-2011, 2011
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review by Lei Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417-2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- A review of the theoretical basis for bulk mass flux convective parameterization by R. S. Plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3529-3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3529-2010, 2010
Asian monsoon
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
ATLAS
- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
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- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- A review of the role of submarine canyons in deep-ocean exchange with the shelf by S. E. Allen and X. Durrieu de Madron, Ocean Sci., 5, 607-620, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-607-2009, 2009
- Review article "Assessment of economic flood damage" by B. Merz et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 1697-1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1697-2010, 2010
- Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity by J. F. Schyns et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4581-4608, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015, 2015
- Water consumption from hydropower plants – review of published estimates and an assessment of the concept by T. H. Bakken et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3983-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3983-2013, 2013
- Historic tsunami in Britain since AD 1000: a review by S. K. Haslett and E. A. Bryant, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 587-601, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-587-2008, 2008
- Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database by S. Martino et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 799-814, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-799-2014, 2014
- Review article: Assessing the costs of natural hazards – state of the art and knowledge gaps by V. Meyer et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1351-1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1351-2013, 2013
- Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics: a review by Bruno Cheviron and Roger Moussa, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3799-3830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3799-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics. Each case study has a signature composed of given contexts (spatiotemporal scales, flow typology, and phenomenology) and chosen concepts (refinement and subscales of the flow model). This review proposes a normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
  
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- Review: geological and experimental evidence for secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite-aragonite seas) and its effects on marine biological calcification by J. B. Ries, Biogeosciences, 7, 2795-2849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2795-2010, 2010
- Plankton in the open Mediterranean Sea: a review by I. Siokou-Frangou et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 1543-1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1543-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: the first records of deep-sea fauna – a correction and discussion by W. Etter and H. Hess, Biogeosciences, 12, 6453-6462, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6453-2015, 2015
- Diversity of Arctic pelagic Bacteria with an emphasis on photoheterotrophs: a review by D. Boeuf et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 3309-3322, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3309-2014, 2014
- Analysis of ionospheric electrodynamic parameters on mesoscales – a review of selected techniques using data from ground-based observation networks and satellites by H. Vanhamäki and O. Amm, Ann. Geophys., 29, 467-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-467-2011, 2011
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
Atmosphere
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere by R.-S. Massad et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10359-10386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10359-2010, 2010
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review by N. Brüggemann et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 3457-3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3457-2011, 2011
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth's upper atmosphere (review) by A. G. Khantadze et al., Ann. Geophys., 28, 1387-1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1387-2010, 2010
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
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- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Land-surface modelling in hydrological perspective – a review by J. Overgaard et al., Biogeosciences, 3, 229-241, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-229-2006, 2006
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Turbulent diffusivity in the free atmosphere inferred from MST radar measurements: a review by R. Wilson, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3869-3887, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3869-2004, 2004
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- A review of green- and blue-water resources and their trade-offs for future agricultural production in the Amazon Basin: what could irrigated agriculture mean for Amazonia? by Michael J. Lathuillière et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2179-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2179-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  We apply the green- and blue-water perspective to Amazonia's water resources to highlight trade-offs that may arise with future land use change. We question how future irrigation may supply additional water vapour to the atmosphere with growing agricultural production. Maintaining precipitation recycling could prevent degradation of rainfall-dependent terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to minimize blue-water trade-offs between up- and downstream water users within the Amazon Basin.
  
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- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- Underlying mechanisms of transient luminous events: a review by V. V. Surkov and M. Hayakawa, Ann. Geophys., 30, 1185-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1185-2012, 2012
- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands treating wastewater: a review by M. M. R. Jahangir et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 109-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-109-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in constructed wetlands is inconsistent and does not reveal whether the removal processes are from physical attenuation or transformation to other reactive forms. Previous research did not consider "pollution swapping" driven by transformational processes. Herein the biogeochemical dynamics and fate of carbon and nitrogen and their potential impact on the environment, as well as novel ways in which these knowledge gaps may be eliminated, are explored.
  
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- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- Global fungal spore emissions, review and synthesis of literature data by A. Sesartic and T. N. Dallafior, Biogeosciences, 8, 1181-1192, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1181-2011, 2011
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- Chemical and physical transformations of mercury in the ocean: a review by N. Batrakova et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 1047-1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1047-2014, 2014
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems by Khan M. G. Mostofa et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 1767-1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016, 2016
- Meteor smoke influences on the D-region charge balance – review of recent in situ measurements and one-dimensional model results by C. Baumann et al., Ann. Geophys., 31, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2049-2013, 2013
- Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review by Lei Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417-2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil N₂O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis by J. van Lent et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7299-7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015
- A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-827-2005, 2005
- Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review by David S. McLagan et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061-3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
  
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- Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint by J. A. Gamon, Biogeosciences, 12, 4509-4523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4509-2015, 2015
- Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research by Dong-Gill Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 4789-4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.
  
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- Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review by E. R. Graber and Y. Rudich, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729-753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006
- Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity by J. F. Schyns et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4581-4608, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015, 2015
- Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO₂ and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms by C. Werner and A. Gessler, Biogeosciences, 8, 2437-2459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2437-2011, 2011
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems by J. E. Cloern et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 2477-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014, 2014
- The EISCAT meteor-head method – a review and recent observations by A. Pellinen-Wannberg, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 649-655, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-649-2004, 2004
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- Modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics and hypoxia by M. A. Peña et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 933-957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-933-2010, 2010
- Review: geological and experimental evidence for secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite-aragonite seas) and its effects on marine biological calcification by J. B. Ries, Biogeosciences, 7, 2795-2849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2795-2010, 2010
- Plankton in the open Mediterranean Sea: a review by I. Siokou-Frangou et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 1543-1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1543-2010, 2010
- The velocity of meteoroids: a historical review by I. P. Williams, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 471-475, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-471-2004, 2004
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Basic convective element: bubble or plume? A historical review by J.-I. Yano, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7019-7030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7019-2014, 2014
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- Review: visual analytics of climate networks by T. Nocke et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 545-570, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-545-2015, 2015
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- Quantifying the human impact on water resources: a critical review of the water footprint concept by J. Chenoweth et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2325-2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014, 2014
- Coordinated studies of the geospace environment using Cluster, satellite and ground-based data: an interim review by O. Amm et al., Ann. Geophys., 23, 2129-2170, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2129-2005, 2005
- A review of turbulence measurements using ground-based wind lidars by A. Sathe and J. Mann, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3147-3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3147-2013, 2013
- Review article "On the origins of decadal climate variability: a network perspective" by A. A. Tsonis and K. L. Swanson, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 559-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-559-2012, 2012
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1199-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1199-2012, 2012
- Northern peatland carbon stocks and dynamics: a review by Z. C. Yu, Biogeosciences, 9, 4071-4085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4071-2012, 2012
- Reviews and syntheses: Australian vegetation phenology: new insights from satellite remote sensing and digital repeat photography by Caitlin E. Moore et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 5085-5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
  
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- Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review by A. P. Walsh et al., Ann. Geophys., 32, 705-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, 2014
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
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- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, field comparisons and dataset adjustments by J. B. R. Matthews, Ocean Sci., 9, 683-694, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-683-2013, 2013
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- Water consumption from hydropower plants – review of published estimates and an assessment of the concept by T. H. Bakken et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3983-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3983-2013, 2013
- Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review by T. R. Duhl et al., Biogeosciences, 5, 761-777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008
- The unique skeleton of siliceous sponges (Porifera; Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) that evolved first from the Urmetazoa during the Proterozoic: a review by W. E. G. Müller et al., Biogeosciences, 4, 219-232, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-219-2007, 2007
- Diversity of Arctic pelagic Bacteria with an emphasis on photoheterotrophs: a review by D. Boeuf et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 3309-3322, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3309-2014, 2014
- Analysis of ionospheric electrodynamic parameters on mesoscales – a review of selected techniques using data from ground-based observation networks and satellites by H. Vanhamäki and O. Amm, Ann. Geophys., 29, 467-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-467-2011, 2011
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change by A. Rabatel et al., The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013
- Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy metal polluted soils: a review by J. Paz-Ferreiro et al., Solid Earth, 5, 65-75, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-65-2014, 2014
- What are "ecogenomic sensors?" A review and thoughts for the future by C. A. Scholin, Ocean Sci., 6, 51-60, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-51-2010, 2010
- Review Article: "The Lagrangian description of aperiodic flows: a case study of the Kuroshio Current" by C. Mendoza and A. M. Mancho, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 449-472, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-449-2012, 2012
- Self-sustained vibrations in volcanic areas extracted by Independent Component Analysis: a review and new results by E. De Lauro et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 18, 925-940, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-925-2011, 2011
- Review of variations in M_w < 7 earthquake motions on position and TEC (M_w = 6.5 Aegean Sea earthquake sample) by Omer Yildirim et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 543-557, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-543-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  In this study, TEC and positional variations have been examined seperately regarding the earthquake, which occurred in the Aegean Sea. Then The correlation of the said ionospheric variation with the positional variation has been investigated; it can be said definitely that it is a seismic origin anomaly; it is believed that upper air, geophysical, and geological data are required.
  
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- Wetland nutrient removal: a review of the evidence by J. Fisher and M. C. Acreman, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 673-685, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-673-2004, 2004
- Stochastic generation of annual, monthly and daily climate data: A review by R. Srikanthan and T. A. McMahon, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 653-670, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-653-2001, 2001
- Climate change impacts on runoff in West Africa: a review by P. Roudier et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2789-2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2789-2014, 2014
- Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods by H. Visser and A. C. Petersen, Clim. Past, 8, 265-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-265-2012, 2012
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China's forest ecosystems by Z. H. Zhou and C. K. Wang, Biogeosciences, 12, 6751-6760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6751-2015, 2015
- Reviews and syntheses: Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to total carbon burial by L. H. van der Heijden and N. A. Kamenos, Biogeosciences, 12, 6429-6441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6429-2015, 2015
- Data-based modelling of the Earth's dynamic magnetosphere: a review by N. A. Tsyganenko, Ann. Geophys., 31, 1745-1772, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1745-2013, 2013
- A review of the quantitative links between CMEs and magnetic clouds by P. Démoulin, Ann. Geophys., 26, 3113-3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3113-2008, 2008
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- A review of the theoretical basis for bulk mass flux convective parameterization by R. S. Plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3529-3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3529-2010, 2010
- Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs by Rebecca L. Jackson et al., Biogeosciences, 17, 2181-2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Coral reefs are a strong source of atmospheric sulfur through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). This biogenic sulfur can influence aerosol and cloud properties and, consequently, the radiative balance over the ocean. DMS emissions may therefore help to mitigate coral physiological stress via increased low-level cloud cover and reduced sea surface temperature. The importance of DMS in coral physiology and climate is reviewed and the implications for coral bleaching are discussed.
  
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Atmospheric tides
AURA
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
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- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010

B

Bibliometrics
- Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction: a state-of-the-art review of the research area by Laddaporn Ruangpan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 243-270, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-243-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  This article aims to provide a critical review of the literature and indicate some directions for future research based on the current knowledge gaps in the area of nature-based solutions (NBSs) for hydro-meteorological risk reduction. The final full analysis was performed on 146 closely related articles. A review showed that many advancements related to NBSs have been made to date, but there are still many challenges that will play an important role in extending knowledge in the coming years.
  
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- A global comparison of community-based responses to natural hazards by Barbara Paterson and Anthony Charles, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2465-2475, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2465-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  Communities need to be prepared to deal with increasing exposure to natural hazards. We compared and categorized hazard responses reported in over 300 community case studies. A global overview of local response actions can help local communities, policymakers and funding agencies to develop effective strategies to prepare for and manage natural disasters. We found that actions are typically hazard specific and most directed at individual and material well-being.
  
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- Uncertainty quantification of flood mitigation predictions and implications for interventions by Koen D. Berends et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1737-1753, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1737-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  River flooding is a major safety concern. Sophisticated models are used to design ways to decrease flood risk, but until recently it was not feasible to calculate how uncertain these model predictions are. Using a new approach, we have now quantified the uncertainty of 12 interventions along the River Waal. Results show significant but not problematically high uncertainty. We demonstrate that the choice between interventions can be different when uncertainty is taken into account.
  
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Biomass burning
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-827-2005, 2005
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review by E. R. Graber and Y. Rudich, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729-753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006
- Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review by Lei Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417-2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research by Dong-Gill Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 4789-4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Soil N₂O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis by J. van Lent et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7299-7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning – an updated assessment by Meinrat O. Andreae, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8523-8546, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8523-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  Biomass burning is one of the largest sources of atmospheric pollutants worldwide. This paper presents an up-to-date compilation of emission factors for over 120 trace gas and aerosol species from the different forms of open vegetation fires and domestic biofuel use, based on an analysis of over 370 published studies. Using these emission factors and current global burning activity data, the annual emissions of important species released by the various types of biomass burning are estimated.
  
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Brewer–Dobson
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Turbulent diffusivity in the free atmosphere inferred from MST radar measurements: a review by R. Wilson, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3869-3887, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3869-2004, 2004
Bromine
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005

C

Carbon storage
CHAMP
- Analysis of ionospheric electrodynamic parameters on mesoscales – a review of selected techniques using data from ground-based observation networks and satellites by H. Vanhamäki and O. Amm, Ann. Geophys., 29, 467-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-467-2011, 2011
- Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review by A. P. Walsh et al., Ann. Geophys., 32, 705-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, 2014
Chlorine
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review by Lei Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417-2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Chemical and physical transformations of mercury in the ocean: a review by N. Batrakova et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 1047-1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1047-2014, 2014
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- Review: geological and experimental evidence for secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite-aragonite seas) and its effects on marine biological calcification by J. B. Ries, Biogeosciences, 7, 2795-2849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2795-2010, 2010
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review by E. R. Graber and Y. Rudich, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729-753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
Cirrus
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- A review of the theoretical basis for bulk mass flux convective parameterization by R. S. Plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3529-3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3529-2010, 2010
Climate
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Review: visual analytics of climate networks by T. Nocke et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 545-570, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-545-2015, 2015
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Climate change impacts on runoff in West Africa: a review by P. Roudier et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2789-2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2789-2014, 2014
- Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods by H. Visser and A. C. Petersen, Clim. Past, 8, 265-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-265-2012, 2012
- Review article "On the origins of decadal climate variability: a network perspective" by A. A. Tsonis and K. L. Swanson, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 559-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-559-2012, 2012
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- Stochastic generation of annual, monthly and daily climate data: A review by R. Srikanthan and T. A. McMahon, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 653-670, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-653-2001, 2001
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China's forest ecosystems by Z. H. Zhou and C. K. Wang, Biogeosciences, 12, 6751-6760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6751-2015, 2015
- Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change by A. Rabatel et al., The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1199-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1199-2012, 2012
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- A review of wave climate and prediction along the Spanish Mediterranean coast by A. Sánchez-Arcilla et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 1217-1228, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1217-2008, 2008
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- A review of green- and blue-water resources and their trade-offs for future agricultural production in the Amazon Basin: what could irrigated agriculture mean for Amazonia? by Michael J. Lathuillière et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2179-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2179-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  We apply the green- and blue-water perspective to Amazonia's water resources to highlight trade-offs that may arise with future land use change. We question how future irrigation may supply additional water vapour to the atmosphere with growing agricultural production. Maintaining precipitation recycling could prevent degradation of rainfall-dependent terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to minimize blue-water trade-offs between up- and downstream water users within the Amazon Basin.
  
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- Land-surface modelling in hydrological perspective – a review by J. Overgaard et al., Biogeosciences, 3, 229-241, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-229-2006, 2006
- Review article: A review and critical analysis of the efforts towards urban flood risk management in the Lagos region of Nigeria by U. C. Nkwunonwo et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 349-369, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-349-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This research reviews flood risk within the Lagos area of Nigeria over the period 1968 to 2012. During this period, floods have caused harm to millions of people physically, emotionally, and economically. Arguably over this period the efforts of stakeholders to address the challenges appear to have been limited by, among other things, lack of reliable data, lack of awareness among the population affected, and lack of knowledge of flood risk mitigation. Recommendations are made for flood modeling.
  
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- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Northern peatland carbon stocks and dynamics: a review by Z. C. Yu, Biogeosciences, 9, 4071-4085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4071-2012, 2012
- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems by Khan M. G. Mostofa et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 1767-1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016, 2016
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
- Modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics and hypoxia by M. A. Peña et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 933-957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-933-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Australian vegetation phenology: new insights from satellite remote sensing and digital repeat photography by Caitlin E. Moore et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 5085-5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
  
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- Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity by J. F. Schyns et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4581-4608, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015, 2015
- Stream temperature prediction in ungauged basins: review of recent approaches and description of a new physics-derived statistical model by A. Gallice et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3727-3753, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3727-2015, 2015
- Review article: Assessing the costs of natural hazards – state of the art and knowledge gaps by V. Meyer et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1351-1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1351-2013, 2013
- Review Article: "Adaptive governance and resilience: the role of multi-stakeholder platforms in disaster risk reduction" by R. Djalante, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 2923-2942, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2923-2012, 2012
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- Socio-hydrological modelling: a review asking "why, what and how?" by P. Blair and W. Buytaert, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 443-478, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-443-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper reviews literature surrounding many aspects of socio-hydrological modelling; this includes a background to the subject of socio-hydrology, reasons why socio-hydrological modelling would be used, what is to be modelled in socio-hydrology and concepts that underpin this, as well as several modelling techniques and how they may be applied in socio-hydrology.
  
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- Critical review of SWAT applications in the upper Nile basin countries by A. van Griensven et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3371-3381, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3371-2012, 2012
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Reviews and syntheses: Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to total carbon burial by L. H. van der Heijden and N. A. Kamenos, Biogeosciences, 12, 6429-6441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6429-2015, 2015
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, field comparisons and dataset adjustments by J. B. R. Matthews, Ocean Sci., 9, 683-694, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-683-2013, 2013
- Water consumption from hydropower plants – review of published estimates and an assessment of the concept by T. H. Bakken et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3983-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3983-2013, 2013
- Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research by Dong-Gill Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 4789-4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.
  
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- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil N₂O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis by J. van Lent et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7299-7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015
- Geoscience on television: a review of science communication literature in the context of geosciences by Rolf Hut et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2507-2518, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2507-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  To help geo-scientists prepare for TV appearances, we review the scientific literature on effective science communication related to TV. We identify six main themes: scientist motivation, target audience, narratives and storytelling, jargon and information transfer, relationship between scientists and journalists, and stereotypes of scientists on TV. We provide a detailed case study as illustration for each theme.
  
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- Incorporating student-centered approaches into catchment hydrology teaching: a review and synthesis by S. E. Thompson et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3263-3278, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3263-2012, 2012
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Quantifying the human impact on water resources: a critical review of the water footprint concept by J. Chenoweth et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2325-2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014, 2014
- Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review by N. Brüggemann et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 3457-3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3457-2011, 2011
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue by T. Tanhua et al., Ocean Sci., 9, 789-803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013
- A review of multivariate social vulnerability methodologies: a case study of the River Parrett catchment, UK by I. Willis and J. Fitton, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1387-1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1387-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  In the field of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), there is a proliferation of research into different ways to measure, represent, and ultimately quantify differential social vulnerability to natural hazards. This study shows how the same census data but three alternative multivariate methodologies can lead to radical differences in our assessment of the most vulnerable population groups to flood risk. A case study of the 2013 floods in the Parrett catchment, Somerset (UK), provides context.
  
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- Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems by J. E. Cloern et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 2477-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014, 2014
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-827-2005, 2005
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- A review of the theoretical basis for bulk mass flux convective parameterization by R. S. Plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3529-3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3529-2010, 2010
- The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems by E. Bochet, SOIL, 1, 131-146, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-131-2015, 2015
- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- Diversity of Arctic pelagic Bacteria with an emphasis on photoheterotrophs: a review by D. Boeuf et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 3309-3322, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3309-2014, 2014
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
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- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- Review Article "Valuating the intangible effects of natural hazards – review and analysis of the costing methods" by V. Markantonis et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 1633-1640, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1633-2012, 2012
- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
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- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- Multi-criteria decision-making for flood risk management: a survey of the current state of the art by Mariana Madruga de Brito and Mariele Evers, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1019-1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1019-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This study presents a systematic review of 128 papers that apply multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools to flood problems, aiming to provide an overall picture of what has motivated researchers in 37 different countries over the past 2 decades. A wide range of applications were identified, highlighting the utility of MCDM as a decision support tool in all stages of the flood management process.
  
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- Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands treating wastewater: a review by M. M. R. Jahangir et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 109-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-109-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in constructed wetlands is inconsistent and does not reveal whether the removal processes are from physical attenuation or transformation to other reactive forms. Previous research did not consider "pollution swapping" driven by transformational processes. Herein the biogeochemical dynamics and fate of carbon and nitrogen and their potential impact on the environment, as well as novel ways in which these knowledge gaps may be eliminated, are explored.
  
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- A review of regionalisation for continuous streamflow simulation by Y. He et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3539-3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3539-2011, 2011
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Review: geological and experimental evidence for secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite-aragonite seas) and its effects on marine biological calcification by J. B. Ries, Biogeosciences, 7, 2795-2849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2795-2010, 2010
- Plankton in the open Mediterranean Sea: a review by I. Siokou-Frangou et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 1543-1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1543-2010, 2010
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy metal polluted soils: a review by J. Paz-Ferreiro et al., Solid Earth, 5, 65-75, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-65-2014, 2014
- Review Article: Lake and breach hazard assessment for moraine-dammed lakes: an example from the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) by A. Emmer and V. Vilímek, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1551-1565, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1551-2013, 2013
- Review article "Assessment of economic flood damage" by B. Merz et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 1697-1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1697-2010, 2010
- Review of recent advances in index flood estimation by D. Bocchiola et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 7, 283-296, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-283-2003, 2003
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- Global fungal spore emissions, review and synthesis of literature data by A. Sesartic and T. N. Dallafior, Biogeosciences, 8, 1181-1192, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1181-2011, 2011
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
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- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Dendrogeomorphology and high-magnitude snow avalanches: a review and case study by D. R. Butler and C. F. Sawyer, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 303-309, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-303-2008, 2008
- Integration of spatial datasets to support the review of hydrometric networks and the identification of representative catchments by C. L. R. Laize, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 1103-1117, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-1103-2004, 2004
- Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics: a review by Bruno Cheviron and Roger Moussa, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3799-3830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3799-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics. Each case study has a signature composed of given contexts (spatiotemporal scales, flow typology, and phenomenology) and chosen concepts (refinement and subscales of the flow model). This review proposes a normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
  
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- Teaching hydrogeology: a review of current practice by T. Gleeson et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2159-2168, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2159-2012, 2012
- Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review by T. R. Duhl et al., Biogeosciences, 5, 761-777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008
- Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint by J. A. Gamon, Biogeosciences, 12, 4509-4523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4509-2015, 2015
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- Review of some significant claimed irregularities in Scandinavian postglacial uplift on timescales of tens to thousands of years – earthquakes in Denmark? by S. Gregersen and P. H. Voss, Solid Earth, 5, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-109-2014, 2014
- Review Article: "The Lagrangian description of aperiodic flows: a case study of the Kuroshio Current" by C. Mendoza and A. M. Mancho, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 449-472, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-449-2012, 2012
- The use of questionnaires for acquiring information on public perception of natural hazards and risk mitigation – a review of current knowledge and practice by D. K. Bird, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 1307-1325, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1307-2009, 2009
- Rockfall characterisation and structural protection – a review by A. Volkwein et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2617-2651, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2617-2011, 2011
- Water quality and ecology of the River Lee: mass balance and a review of temporal and spatial data by D. L. Snook and P. G. Whitehead, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 636-650, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-636-2004, 2004
- The effects of riparian forest management on the freshwater environment: a literature review of best management practice by S. Broadmeadow and T. R. Nisbet, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 286-305, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-286-2004, 2004
- Uncertainties associated with digital elevation models for hydrologic applications: a review by S. P. Wechsler, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1481-1500, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1481-2007, 2007
- Morphological coupling in multiple sandbar systems – a review by T. D. Price et al., Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 309-321, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-309-2014, 2014
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere by R.-S. Massad et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10359-10386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10359-2010, 2010
- A review of the role of submarine canyons in deep-ocean exchange with the shelf by S. E. Allen and X. Durrieu de Madron, Ocean Sci., 5, 607-620, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-607-2009, 2009
- Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: review, comparison and evaluation by A. Brenning, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 853-862, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-853-2005, 2005
- A review of the potential and actual sources of pollution to groundwater in selected karst areas in Slovenia by G. Kovačič and N. Ravbar, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 225-233, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-225-2005, 2005
- Review of unprecedented ULF electromagnetic anomalous emissions possibly related to the Wenchuan M_S = 8.0 earthquake, on 12 May 2008 by M. Li et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 279-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-279-2013, 2013
- Review Article: On the relation between the seismic activity and the Hurst exponent of the geomagnetic field at the time of the 2000 Izu swarm by F. Masci and J. N. Thomas, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2189-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2189-2013, 2013
- The PREVIEW Global Risk Data Platform: a geoportal to serve and share global data on risk to natural hazards by G. Giuliani and P. Peduzzi, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 53-66, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-53-2011, 2011
- Defining environmental river flow requirements – a review by M. C. Acreman and M. J. Dunbar, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 861-876, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-861-2004, 2004
- Soil–aquifer phenomena affecting groundwater under vertisols: a review by D. Kurtzman et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Vertisols are cracking clayey, arable soils that often overlay groundwater reservoirs. The soil cracks enable flow that bypasses soil blocks, which results in both relatively fresh recharge of the underlying groundwater and contamination with reactive contaminants. These special phenomena, as well as unique mechanism of salinization after cultivation and relative resilience to contamination by nitrate typical to groundwater under vertisols, are reviewed in this study.
  
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- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
- Multivariate return periods in hydrology: a critical and practical review focusing on synthetic design hydrograph estimation by B. Gräler et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1281-1296, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1281-2013, 2013
- Uncertainty in soil physical data at river basin scale – a review by P. van der Keur and B. V. Iversen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 889-902, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-889-2006, 2006
- Measuring methods for groundwater – surface water interactions: a review by E. Kalbus et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 873-887, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-873-2006, 2006
- Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO₂ and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms by C. Werner and A. Gessler, Biogeosciences, 8, 2437-2459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2437-2011, 2011
- Reviews and Syntheses: Responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis by J. Meyer and U. Riebesell, Biogeosciences, 12, 1671-1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1671-2015, 2015
- Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review by A. P. Walsh et al., Ann. Geophys., 32, 705-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, 2014
- Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review by David S. McLagan et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061-3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
  
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- Basic convective element: bubble or plume? A historical review by J.-I. Yano, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7019-7030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7019-2014, 2014
- Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs by Rebecca L. Jackson et al., Biogeosciences, 17, 2181-2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Coral reefs are a strong source of atmospheric sulfur through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). This biogenic sulfur can influence aerosol and cloud properties and, consequently, the radiative balance over the ocean. DMS emissions may therefore help to mitigate coral physiological stress via increased low-level cloud cover and reduced sea surface temperature. The importance of DMS in coral physiology and climate is reviewed and the implications for coral bleaching are discussed.
  
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Climate change
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Climate change impacts on runoff in West Africa: a review by P. Roudier et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2789-2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2789-2014, 2014
- Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods by H. Visser and A. C. Petersen, Clim. Past, 8, 265-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-265-2012, 2012
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- Stochastic generation of annual, monthly and daily climate data: A review by R. Srikanthan and T. A. McMahon, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 653-670, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-653-2001, 2001
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- Review article: A review and critical analysis of the efforts towards urban flood risk management in the Lagos region of Nigeria by U. C. Nkwunonwo et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 349-369, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-349-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This research reviews flood risk within the Lagos area of Nigeria over the period 1968 to 2012. During this period, floods have caused harm to millions of people physically, emotionally, and economically. Arguably over this period the efforts of stakeholders to address the challenges appear to have been limited by, among other things, lack of reliable data, lack of awareness among the population affected, and lack of knowledge of flood risk mitigation. Recommendations are made for flood modeling.
  
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- Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems by Khan M. G. Mostofa et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 1767-1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016, 2016
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Review article: Assessing the costs of natural hazards – state of the art and knowledge gaps by V. Meyer et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1351-1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1351-2013, 2013
- Review Article: "Adaptive governance and resilience: the role of multi-stakeholder platforms in disaster risk reduction" by R. Djalante, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 2923-2942, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2923-2012, 2012
- Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1199-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1199-2012, 2012
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change by A. Rabatel et al., The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013
- Geoscience on television: a review of science communication literature in the context of geosciences by Rolf Hut et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2507-2518, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2507-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  To help geo-scientists prepare for TV appearances, we review the scientific literature on effective science communication related to TV. We identify six main themes: scientist motivation, target audience, narratives and storytelling, jargon and information transfer, relationship between scientists and journalists, and stereotypes of scientists on TV. We provide a detailed case study as illustration for each theme.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to total carbon burial by L. H. van der Heijden and N. A. Kamenos, Biogeosciences, 12, 6429-6441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6429-2015, 2015
- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- Critical review of SWAT applications in the upper Nile basin countries by A. van Griensven et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3371-3381, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3371-2012, 2012
- Stream temperature prediction in ungauged basins: review of recent approaches and description of a new physics-derived statistical model by A. Gallice et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3727-3753, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3727-2015, 2015
- Reviews and syntheses: Australian vegetation phenology: new insights from satellite remote sensing and digital repeat photography by Caitlin E. Moore et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 5085-5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
  
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- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- A review of multivariate social vulnerability methodologies: a case study of the River Parrett catchment, UK by I. Willis and J. Fitton, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1387-1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1387-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  In the field of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), there is a proliferation of research into different ways to measure, represent, and ultimately quantify differential social vulnerability to natural hazards. This study shows how the same census data but three alternative multivariate methodologies can lead to radical differences in our assessment of the most vulnerable population groups to flood risk. A case study of the 2013 floods in the Parrett catchment, Somerset (UK), provides context.
  
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- Socio-hydrological modelling: a review asking "why, what and how?" by P. Blair and W. Buytaert, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 443-478, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-443-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper reviews literature surrounding many aspects of socio-hydrological modelling; this includes a background to the subject of socio-hydrology, reasons why socio-hydrological modelling would be used, what is to be modelled in socio-hydrology and concepts that underpin this, as well as several modelling techniques and how they may be applied in socio-hydrology.
  
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- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- Modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics and hypoxia by M. A. Peña et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 933-957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-933-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil N₂O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis by J. van Lent et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7299-7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research by Dong-Gill Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 4789-4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.
  
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- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems by E. Bochet, SOIL, 1, 131-146, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-131-2015, 2015
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Review Article "Valuating the intangible effects of natural hazards – review and analysis of the costing methods" by V. Markantonis et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 1633-1640, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1633-2012, 2012
- Water consumption from hydropower plants – review of published estimates and an assessment of the concept by T. H. Bakken et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3983-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3983-2013, 2013
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- A review of green- and blue-water resources and their trade-offs for future agricultural production in the Amazon Basin: what could irrigated agriculture mean for Amazonia? by Michael J. Lathuillière et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2179-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2179-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  We apply the green- and blue-water perspective to Amazonia's water resources to highlight trade-offs that may arise with future land use change. We question how future irrigation may supply additional water vapour to the atmosphere with growing agricultural production. Maintaining precipitation recycling could prevent degradation of rainfall-dependent terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to minimize blue-water trade-offs between up- and downstream water users within the Amazon Basin.
  
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- Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity by J. F. Schyns et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4581-4608, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015, 2015
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue by T. Tanhua et al., Ocean Sci., 9, 789-803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013
- Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, field comparisons and dataset adjustments by J. B. R. Matthews, Ocean Sci., 9, 683-694, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-683-2013, 2013
- Multi-criteria decision-making for flood risk management: a survey of the current state of the art by Mariana Madruga de Brito and Mariele Evers, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1019-1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1019-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This study presents a systematic review of 128 papers that apply multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools to flood problems, aiming to provide an overall picture of what has motivated researchers in 37 different countries over the past 2 decades. A wide range of applications were identified, highlighting the utility of MCDM as a decision support tool in all stages of the flood management process.
  
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- Review Article: Lake and breach hazard assessment for moraine-dammed lakes: an example from the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) by A. Emmer and V. Vilímek, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1551-1565, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1551-2013, 2013
- Review article "Assessment of economic flood damage" by B. Merz et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 1697-1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1697-2010, 2010
- Quantifying the human impact on water resources: a critical review of the water footprint concept by J. Chenoweth et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2325-2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014, 2014
- Incorporating student-centered approaches into catchment hydrology teaching: a review and synthesis by S. E. Thompson et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3263-3278, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3263-2012, 2012
- Teaching hydrogeology: a review of current practice by T. Gleeson et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2159-2168, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2159-2012, 2012
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Northern peatland carbon stocks and dynamics: a review by Z. C. Yu, Biogeosciences, 9, 4071-4085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4071-2012, 2012
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China's forest ecosystems by Z. H. Zhou and C. K. Wang, Biogeosciences, 12, 6751-6760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6751-2015, 2015
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-827-2005, 2005
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy metal polluted soils: a review by J. Paz-Ferreiro et al., Solid Earth, 5, 65-75, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-65-2014, 2014
- Review: visual analytics of climate networks by T. Nocke et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 545-570, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-545-2015, 2015
- Review article "On the origins of decadal climate variability: a network perspective" by A. A. Tsonis and K. L. Swanson, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 559-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-559-2012, 2012
- The use of questionnaires for acquiring information on public perception of natural hazards and risk mitigation – a review of current knowledge and practice by D. K. Bird, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 1307-1325, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1307-2009, 2009
- A review of wave climate and prediction along the Spanish Mediterranean coast by A. Sánchez-Arcilla et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 1217-1228, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1217-2008, 2008
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics: a review by Bruno Cheviron and Roger Moussa, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3799-3830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3799-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics. Each case study has a signature composed of given contexts (spatiotemporal scales, flow typology, and phenomenology) and chosen concepts (refinement and subscales of the flow model). This review proposes a normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
  
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- A review of regionalisation for continuous streamflow simulation by Y. He et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3539-3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3539-2011, 2011
- Uncertainties associated with digital elevation models for hydrologic applications: a review by S. P. Wechsler, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1481-1500, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1481-2007, 2007
- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review by N. Brüggemann et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 3457-3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3457-2011, 2011
- Review: geological and experimental evidence for secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite-aragonite seas) and its effects on marine biological calcification by J. B. Ries, Biogeosciences, 7, 2795-2849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2795-2010, 2010
- Diversity of Arctic pelagic Bacteria with an emphasis on photoheterotrophs: a review by D. Boeuf et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 3309-3322, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3309-2014, 2014
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- A review of the theoretical basis for bulk mass flux convective parameterization by R. S. Plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3529-3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3529-2010, 2010
- Water quality and ecology of the River Lee: mass balance and a review of temporal and spatial data by D. L. Snook and P. G. Whitehead, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 636-650, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-636-2004, 2004
- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Plankton in the open Mediterranean Sea: a review by I. Siokou-Frangou et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 1543-1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1543-2010, 2010
- Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review by T. R. Duhl et al., Biogeosciences, 5, 761-777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008
- Land-surface modelling in hydrological perspective – a review by J. Overgaard et al., Biogeosciences, 3, 229-241, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-229-2006, 2006
- Reviews and Syntheses: Responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis by J. Meyer and U. Riebesell, Biogeosciences, 12, 1671-1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1671-2015, 2015
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
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- Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review by David S. McLagan et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061-3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
  
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- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere by R.-S. Massad et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10359-10386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10359-2010, 2010
- The global methane budget 2000–2012 by Marielle Saunois et al., Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 697-751, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-697-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  An accurate assessment of the methane budget is important to understand the atmospheric methane concentrations and trends and to provide realistic pathways for climate change mitigation. The various and diffuse sources of methane as well and its oxidation by a very short lifetime radical challenge this assessment. We quantify the methane sources and sinks as well as their uncertainties based on both bottom-up and top-down approaches provided by a broad international scientific community.
  
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- Global Carbon Budget 2017 by Corinne Le Quéré et al., Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 405-448, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018, 2018 Short summary
  
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  The Global Carbon Budget 2017 describes data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. It is the 12th annual update and the 6th published in this journal.
  
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- Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs by Rebecca L. Jackson et al., Biogeosciences, 17, 2181-2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Coral reefs are a strong source of atmospheric sulfur through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). This biogenic sulfur can influence aerosol and cloud properties and, consequently, the radiative balance over the ocean. DMS emissions may therefore help to mitigate coral physiological stress via increased low-level cloud cover and reduced sea surface temperature. The importance of DMS in coral physiology and climate is reviewed and the implications for coral bleaching are discussed.
  
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- Review article: Climate change impacts on dam safety by Javier Fluixá-Sanmartín et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2471-2488, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2471-2018, 2018 Short summary
  
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  Climate change can affect the safety of water infrastructures such as dams. However, related information is vast and scattered, and the assessment of these impacts remains complex. This article seeks a multidisciplinary review of the potential impacts of climate change in every component of dam safety. This will provide useful information for dam owners and dam safety practitioners in their decision-making process.
  
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- Review article: Towards a context-driven research: a state-of-the-art review of resilience research on climate change by Ringo Ossewaarde et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1119-1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1119-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
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  The aim of this paper is to review and structure current developments in resilience research in the field of climate change studies, in terms of the approaches, definitions, models, and commitments that are typical for naturalist and constructivist research and propose a research agenda of topics distilled from current developments in resilience research.
  
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Climate policy
Clouds
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- A review of the quantitative links between CMEs and magnetic clouds by P. Démoulin, Ann. Geophys., 26, 3113-3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3113-2008, 2008
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1199-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1199-2012, 2012
- Basic convective element: bubble or plume? A historical review by J.-I. Yano, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7019-7030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7019-2014, 2014
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
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- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- A review of the theoretical basis for bulk mass flux convective parameterization by R. S. Plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3529-3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3529-2010, 2010
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- Meteor smoke influences on the D-region charge balance – review of recent in situ measurements and one-dimensional model results by C. Baumann et al., Ann. Geophys., 31, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2049-2013, 2013
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- Global fungal spore emissions, review and synthesis of literature data by A. Sesartic and T. N. Dallafior, Biogeosciences, 8, 1181-1192, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1181-2011, 2011
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- Underlying mechanisms of transient luminous events: a review by V. V. Surkov and M. Hayakawa, Ann. Geophys., 30, 1185-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1185-2012, 2012
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, field comparisons and dataset adjustments by J. B. R. Matthews, Ocean Sci., 9, 683-694, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-683-2013, 2013
- Plasma waves above the ion cyclotron frequency in the solar wind: a review on observations by C. Briand, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 16, 319-329, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-16-319-2009, 2009
- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
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- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Transient and localized processes in the magnetotail: a review by A. S. Sharma et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 955-1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-955-2008, 2008
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change by A. Rabatel et al., The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database by S. Martino et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 799-814, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-799-2014, 2014
- Multivariate return periods in hydrology: a critical and practical review focusing on synthetic design hydrograph estimation by B. Gräler et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1281-1296, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1281-2013, 2013
- Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint by J. A. Gamon, Biogeosciences, 12, 4509-4523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4509-2015, 2015
- Coordinated studies of the geospace environment using Cluster, satellite and ground-based data: an interim review by O. Amm et al., Ann. Geophys., 23, 2129-2170, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2129-2005, 2005
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review by E. R. Graber and Y. Rudich, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729-753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- The velocity of meteoroids: a historical review by I. P. Williams, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 471-475, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-471-2004, 2004
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs by Rebecca L. Jackson et al., Biogeosciences, 17, 2181-2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Coral reefs are a strong source of atmospheric sulfur through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). This biogenic sulfur can influence aerosol and cloud properties and, consequently, the radiative balance over the ocean. DMS emissions may therefore help to mitigate coral physiological stress via increased low-level cloud cover and reduced sea surface temperature. The importance of DMS in coral physiology and climate is reviewed and the implications for coral bleaching are discussed.
  
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- The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds by Havala O. T. Pye et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4809-4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Acid rain is recognized for its impacts on human health and ecosystems, and programs to mitigate these effects have had implications for atmospheric acidity. Historical measurements indicate that cloud and fog droplet acidity has changed in recent decades in response to controls on emissions from human activity, while the limited trend data for suspended particles indicate acidity may be relatively constant. This review synthesizes knowledge on the acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds.
  
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Contrails
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
Convection
- Coordinated studies of the geospace environment using Cluster, satellite and ground-based data: an interim review by O. Amm et al., Ann. Geophys., 23, 2129-2170, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2129-2005, 2005
- Basic convective element: bubble or plume? A historical review by J.-I. Yano, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7019-7030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7019-2014, 2014
- Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review by A. P. Walsh et al., Ann. Geophys., 32, 705-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, 2014
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- A review of the theoretical basis for bulk mass flux convective parameterization by R. S. Plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3529-3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3529-2010, 2010
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Transient and localized processes in the magnetotail: a review by A. S. Sharma et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 955-1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-955-2008, 2008
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- Plankton in the open Mediterranean Sea: a review by I. Siokou-Frangou et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 1543-1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1543-2010, 2010
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Analysis of ionospheric electrodynamic parameters on mesoscales – a review of selected techniques using data from ground-based observation networks and satellites by H. Vanhamäki and O. Amm, Ann. Geophys., 29, 467-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-467-2011, 2011
- The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue by T. Tanhua et al., Ocean Sci., 9, 789-803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- A review of the role of submarine canyons in deep-ocean exchange with the shelf by S. E. Allen and X. Durrieu de Madron, Ocean Sci., 5, 607-620, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-607-2009, 2009
- Review article "Geo-neutrinos" by L. Ludhova, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 1, 221-227, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-1-221-2012, 2012
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- Soil–aquifer phenomena affecting groundwater under vertisols: a review by D. Kurtzman et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Vertisols are cracking clayey, arable soils that often overlay groundwater reservoirs. The soil cracks enable flow that bypasses soil blocks, which results in both relatively fresh recharge of the underlying groundwater and contamination with reactive contaminants. These special phenomena, as well as unique mechanism of salinization after cultivation and relative resilience to contamination by nitrate typical to groundwater under vertisols, are reviewed in this study.
  
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- Data-based modelling of the Earth's dynamic magnetosphere: a review by N. A. Tsyganenko, Ann. Geophys., 31, 1745-1772, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1745-2013, 2013
- A brief review on the presentation of cycle 24, the first integrated solar cycle in the new millennium by K. J. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 29, 341-348, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-341-2011, 2011
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- Review: visual analytics of climate networks by T. Nocke et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 545-570, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-545-2015, 2015
- Review article "On the origins of decadal climate variability: a network perspective" by A. A. Tsonis and K. L. Swanson, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 559-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-559-2012, 2012
- Use of column experiments to investigate the fate of organic micropollutants – a review by Stefan Banzhaf and Klaus H. Hebig, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3719-3737, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3719-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  We present a review of how transport and fate of micropollutants, i.e., pharmaceuticals and pesticides that are found in groundwater worldwide, can be studied using a laboratory setup of column experiments. Hereby, transport relevant processes are presented and which compounds and which of their properties can be studied with column experiments. We discuss advantages of this laboratory method and show weaknesses and problems.
  
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- Climate change impacts on runoff in West Africa: a review by P. Roudier et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2789-2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2789-2014, 2014
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- Turbulent diffusivity in the free atmosphere inferred from MST radar measurements: a review by R. Wilson, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3869-3887, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3869-2004, 2004
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
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- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
Conveyor belt
Coral Reefs
- Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs by Rebecca L. Jackson et al., Biogeosciences, 17, 2181-2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Coral reefs are a strong source of atmospheric sulfur through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). This biogenic sulfur can influence aerosol and cloud properties and, consequently, the radiative balance over the ocean. DMS emissions may therefore help to mitigate coral physiological stress via increased low-level cloud cover and reduced sea surface temperature. The importance of DMS in coral physiology and climate is reviewed and the implications for coral bleaching are discussed.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to total carbon burial by L. H. van der Heijden and N. A. Kamenos, Biogeosciences, 12, 6429-6441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6429-2015, 2015
Cost-benefit analysis
CRISTA
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
Critical infrastructure
- Review article: Climate change impacts on dam safety by Javier Fluixá-Sanmartín et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2471-2488, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2471-2018, 2018 Short summary
  
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  Climate change can affect the safety of water infrastructures such as dams. However, related information is vast and scattered, and the assessment of these impacts remains complex. This article seeks a multidisciplinary review of the potential impacts of climate change in every component of dam safety. This will provide useful information for dam owners and dam safety practitioners in their decision-making process.
  
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- The role of minimum supply and social vulnerability assessment for governing critical infrastructure failure: current gaps and future agenda by Matthias Garschagen and Simone Sandholz, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1233-1246, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1233-2018, 2018 Short summary
  
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  Despite the increased attention given to critical infrastructure resilience in the context of natural hazards and disasters discussions on the role of social vulnerability assessments and minimum supply considerations for governing critical infrastructure failures remain scarce. Based on a structured literature review the paper responds to the identified gaps by developing a heuristic model on the linkages between the three topics and sketches out recommendations for a future research agenda.
  
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- Review article: the use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) for natural hazards monitoring and management by Daniele Giordan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1079-1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1079-2018, 2018 Short summary
  
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  Remotely piloted aerial systems can acquire on-demand ultra-high-resolution images that can be used for the identification of active processes like landslides or volcanic activities but also for the definition of effects of earthquakes, wildfires and floods. In this paper, we present a review of published literature that describes experimental methodologies developed for the study and monitoring of natural hazards.
  
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Crowdsourcing
- Opportunities and risks of disaster data from social media: a systematic review of incident information by Matti Wiegmann et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1431-1444, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1431-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
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  In this paper, we study when social media is an adequate source to find metadata about incidents that cannot be acquired by traditional means. We identify six major use cases: impact assessment and verification of model predictions, narrative generation, recruiting citizen volunteers, supporting weakly institutionalized areas, narrowing surveillance areas, and reporting triggers for periodical surveillance.
  
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- Review article: Detection of actionable tweets in crisis events by Anna Kruspe et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1825-1845, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1825-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
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  Messages on social media can be an important source of information during crisis situations. This article reviews approaches for the reliable detection of informative messages in a flood of data. We demonstrate the varying goals of these approaches and present existing data sets. We then compare approaches based (1) on keyword and location filtering, (2) on crowdsourcing, and (3) on machine learning. We also point out challenges and suggest future research.
  
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Cryosphere
- Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change by A. Rabatel et al., The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Review of some significant claimed irregularities in Scandinavian postglacial uplift on timescales of tens to thousands of years – earthquakes in Denmark? by S. Gregersen and P. H. Voss, Solid Earth, 5, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-109-2014, 2014
- The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue by T. Tanhua et al., Ocean Sci., 9, 789-803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013
- Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, field comparisons and dataset adjustments by J. B. R. Matthews, Ocean Sci., 9, 683-694, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-683-2013, 2013
- Multivariate return periods in hydrology: a critical and practical review focusing on synthetic design hydrograph estimation by B. Gräler et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1281-1296, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1281-2013, 2013
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013

D

Data assimilation
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
  Hide
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- A review of regionalisation for continuous streamflow simulation by Y. He et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3539-3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3539-2011, 2011
- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics: a review by Bruno Cheviron and Roger Moussa, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3799-3830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3799-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics. Each case study has a signature composed of given contexts (spatiotemporal scales, flow typology, and phenomenology) and chosen concepts (refinement and subscales of the flow model). This review proposes a normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
  
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- Morphological coupling in multiple sandbar systems – a review by T. D. Price et al., Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 309-321, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-309-2014, 2014
- Analysis of ionospheric electrodynamic parameters on mesoscales – a review of selected techniques using data from ground-based observation networks and satellites by H. Vanhamäki and O. Amm, Ann. Geophys., 29, 467-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-467-2011, 2011
- Coordinated studies of the geospace environment using Cluster, satellite and ground-based data: an interim review by O. Amm et al., Ann. Geophys., 23, 2129-2170, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2129-2005, 2005
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
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- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Fundamentals of data assimilation applied to biogeochemistry by Peter J. Rayner et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13911-13932, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13911-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  This paper describes the methods for combining models and data to understand how nutrients and pollutants move through natural systems. The methods are analogous to the process of weather forecasting in which previous information is combined with new observations and a model to improve our knowledge of the internal state of the physical system. The methods appear highly diverse but the paper shows that they are all examples of a single underlying formalism.
  
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Deep convection
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Plankton in the open Mediterranean Sea: a review by I. Siokou-Frangou et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 1543-1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1543-2010, 2010
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- A review of the theoretical basis for bulk mass flux convective parameterization by R. S. Plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3529-3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3529-2010, 2010
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue by T. Tanhua et al., Ocean Sci., 9, 789-803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- A review of the role of submarine canyons in deep-ocean exchange with the shelf by S. E. Allen and X. Durrieu de Madron, Ocean Sci., 5, 607-620, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-607-2009, 2009
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
Deep sea
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS)
Drought
- Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction: a state-of-the-art review of the research area by Laddaporn Ruangpan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 243-270, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-243-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  This article aims to provide a critical review of the literature and indicate some directions for future research based on the current knowledge gaps in the area of nature-based solutions (NBSs) for hydro-meteorological risk reduction. The final full analysis was performed on 146 closely related articles. A review showed that many advancements related to NBSs have been made to date, but there are still many challenges that will play an important role in extending knowledge in the coming years.
  
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- Review article: Risk management framework of environmental hazards and extremes in Mediterranean ecosystems by Panagiotis T. Nastos et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1935-1954, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1935-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
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  Risk assessment consists of three steps: identification, estimation and evaluation. Nevertheless, the risk management framework also includes a fourth step, the need for feedback on all the risk assessment undertakings. However, there is a lack of such feedback, which constitutes a serious deficiency in the reduction of environmental hazards at the present time. The objective of this review paper consists of addressing meteorological hazards and extremes within the risk management framework.
  
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E

Earth observation
Earthquake
Emission
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
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- Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review by T. R. Duhl et al., Biogeosciences, 5, 761-777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review by Lei Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417-2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research by Dong-Gill Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 4789-4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Soil N₂O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis by J. van Lent et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7299-7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere by R.-S. Massad et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10359-10386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10359-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- Coordinated studies of the geospace environment using Cluster, satellite and ground-based data: an interim review by O. Amm et al., Ann. Geophys., 23, 2129-2170, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2129-2005, 2005
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands treating wastewater: a review by M. M. R. Jahangir et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 109-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-109-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in constructed wetlands is inconsistent and does not reveal whether the removal processes are from physical attenuation or transformation to other reactive forms. Previous research did not consider "pollution swapping" driven by transformational processes. Herein the biogeochemical dynamics and fate of carbon and nitrogen and their potential impact on the environment, as well as novel ways in which these knowledge gaps may be eliminated, are explored.
  
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- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- Underlying mechanisms of transient luminous events: a review by V. V. Surkov and M. Hayakawa, Ann. Geophys., 30, 1185-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1185-2012, 2012
- Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems by Khan M. G. Mostofa et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 1767-1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016, 2016
- Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review by E. R. Graber and Y. Rudich, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729-753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- A review of the potential and actual sources of pollution to groundwater in selected karst areas in Slovenia by G. Kovačič and N. Ravbar, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 225-233, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-225-2005, 2005
- Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review by N. Brüggemann et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 3457-3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3457-2011, 2011
- Global fungal spore emissions, review and synthesis of literature data by A. Sesartic and T. N. Dallafior, Biogeosciences, 8, 1181-1192, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1181-2011, 2011
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- A review of the quantitative links between CMEs and magnetic clouds by P. Démoulin, Ann. Geophys., 26, 3113-3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3113-2008, 2008
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-827-2005, 2005
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- Review of unprecedented ULF electromagnetic anomalous emissions possibly related to the Wenchuan M_S = 8.0 earthquake, on 12 May 2008 by M. Li et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 279-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-279-2013, 2013
- Climate change impacts on runoff in West Africa: a review by P. Roudier et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2789-2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2789-2014, 2014
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO₂ and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms by C. Werner and A. Gessler, Biogeosciences, 8, 2437-2459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2437-2011, 2011
- Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review by A. P. Walsh et al., Ann. Geophys., 32, 705-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, 2014
- Plasma waves above the ion cyclotron frequency in the solar wind: a review on observations by C. Briand, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 16, 319-329, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-16-319-2009, 2009
- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- Modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics and hypoxia by M. A. Peña et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 933-957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-933-2010, 2010
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- Self-sustained vibrations in volcanic areas extracted by Independent Component Analysis: a review and new results by E. De Lauro et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 18, 925-940, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-925-2011, 2011
- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- Quantifying the human impact on water resources: a critical review of the water footprint concept by J. Chenoweth et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2325-2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014, 2014
- Northern peatland carbon stocks and dynamics: a review by Z. C. Yu, Biogeosciences, 9, 4071-4085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4071-2012, 2012
- Reviews and Syntheses: Responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis by J. Meyer and U. Riebesell, Biogeosciences, 12, 1671-1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1671-2015, 2015
- Meteor smoke influences on the D-region charge balance – review of recent in situ measurements and one-dimensional model results by C. Baumann et al., Ann. Geophys., 31, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2049-2013, 2013
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review by David S. McLagan et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061-3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
  
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- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change by A. Rabatel et al., The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- Review article: A review and critical analysis of the efforts towards urban flood risk management in the Lagos region of Nigeria by U. C. Nkwunonwo et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 349-369, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-349-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This research reviews flood risk within the Lagos area of Nigeria over the period 1968 to 2012. During this period, floods have caused harm to millions of people physically, emotionally, and economically. Arguably over this period the efforts of stakeholders to address the challenges appear to have been limited by, among other things, lack of reliable data, lack of awareness among the population affected, and lack of knowledge of flood risk mitigation. Recommendations are made for flood modeling.
  
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- Wetland nutrient removal: a review of the evidence by J. Fisher and M. C. Acreman, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 673-685, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-673-2004, 2004
- Review of robust measurement of phosphorus in river water: sampling, storage, fractionation and sensitivity by H. P. Jarvie et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 113-131, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-113-2002, 2002
- Review article "Geo-neutrinos" by L. Ludhova, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 1, 221-227, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-1-221-2012, 2012
- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- The unique skeleton of siliceous sponges (Porifera; Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) that evolved first from the Urmetazoa during the Proterozoic: a review by W. E. G. Müller et al., Biogeosciences, 4, 219-232, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-219-2007, 2007
- Land-surface modelling in hydrological perspective – a review by J. Overgaard et al., Biogeosciences, 3, 229-241, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-229-2006, 2006
- Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint by J. A. Gamon, Biogeosciences, 12, 4509-4523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4509-2015, 2015
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
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- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- Reviews and syntheses: Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to total carbon burial by L. H. van der Heijden and N. A. Kamenos, Biogeosciences, 12, 6429-6441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6429-2015, 2015
- Chemical and physical transformations of mercury in the ocean: a review by N. Batrakova et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 1047-1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1047-2014, 2014
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy metal polluted soils: a review by J. Paz-Ferreiro et al., Solid Earth, 5, 65-75, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-65-2014, 2014
- Review Article: On the relation between the seismic activity and the Hurst exponent of the geomagnetic field at the time of the 2000 Izu swarm by F. Masci and J. N. Thomas, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2189-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2189-2013, 2013
- A review of green- and blue-water resources and their trade-offs for future agricultural production in the Amazon Basin: what could irrigated agriculture mean for Amazonia? by Michael J. Lathuillière et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2179-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2179-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  We apply the green- and blue-water perspective to Amazonia's water resources to highlight trade-offs that may arise with future land use change. We question how future irrigation may supply additional water vapour to the atmosphere with growing agricultural production. Maintaining precipitation recycling could prevent degradation of rainfall-dependent terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to minimize blue-water trade-offs between up- and downstream water users within the Amazon Basin.
  
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- Analysis of ionospheric electrodynamic parameters on mesoscales – a review of selected techniques using data from ground-based observation networks and satellites by H. Vanhamäki and O. Amm, Ann. Geophys., 29, 467-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-467-2011, 2011
- Transient and localized processes in the magnetotail: a review by A. S. Sharma et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 955-1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-955-2008, 2008
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Review article: Assessing the costs of natural hazards – state of the art and knowledge gaps by V. Meyer et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1351-1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1351-2013, 2013
- Use of column experiments to investigate the fate of organic micropollutants – a review by Stefan Banzhaf and Klaus H. Hebig, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3719-3737, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3719-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  We present a review of how transport and fate of micropollutants, i.e., pharmaceuticals and pesticides that are found in groundwater worldwide, can be studied using a laboratory setup of column experiments. Hereby, transport relevant processes are presented and which compounds and which of their properties can be studied with column experiments. We discuss advantages of this laboratory method and show weaknesses and problems.
  
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- Water consumption from hydropower plants – review of published estimates and an assessment of the concept by T. H. Bakken et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3983-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3983-2013, 2013
- Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1199-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1199-2012, 2012
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- Reviews and syntheses: Australian vegetation phenology: new insights from satellite remote sensing and digital repeat photography by Caitlin E. Moore et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 5085-5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
  
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- Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems by J. E. Cloern et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 2477-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014, 2014
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs by Rebecca L. Jackson et al., Biogeosciences, 17, 2181-2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Coral reefs are a strong source of atmospheric sulfur through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). This biogenic sulfur can influence aerosol and cloud properties and, consequently, the radiative balance over the ocean. DMS emissions may therefore help to mitigate coral physiological stress via increased low-level cloud cover and reduced sea surface temperature. The importance of DMS in coral physiology and climate is reviewed and the implications for coral bleaching are discussed.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: VOC emissions from soil cover in boreal and temperate natural ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere by Valery A. Isidorov and Andrej A. Zaitsev, Biogeosciences, 19, 4715-4746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, 2022 Short summary
  
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  Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a critical role in earth-system processes: they are main players in the formation of tropospheric O₃ and secondary aerosols, which have a significant impact on climate, human health and crops. A complex mixture of VOCs, formed as a result of physicochemical and biological processes, is released into the atmosphere from the forest floor. This review presents data on the composition of VOCs and contribution of various processes to their emissions.
  
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ENSO
- Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change by A. Rabatel et al., The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013
- Review article "On the origins of decadal climate variability: a network perspective" by A. A. Tsonis and K. L. Swanson, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 559-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-559-2012, 2012
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- Review: visual analytics of climate networks by T. Nocke et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 545-570, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-545-2015, 2015
- Stochastic generation of annual, monthly and daily climate data: A review by R. Srikanthan and T. A. McMahon, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 653-670, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-653-2001, 2001
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, field comparisons and dataset adjustments by J. B. R. Matthews, Ocean Sci., 9, 683-694, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-683-2013, 2013
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Water consumption from hydropower plants – review of published estimates and an assessment of the concept by T. H. Bakken et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3983-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3983-2013, 2013
- Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review by N. Brüggemann et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 3457-3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3457-2011, 2011
- Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems by J. E. Cloern et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 2477-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014, 2014
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
Exposure
- Invited perspectives: How machine learning will change flood risk and impact assessment by Dennis Wagenaar et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1149-1161, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1149-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  This invited perspective paper addresses how machine learning may change flood risk and impact assessments. It goes through different modelling components and provides an analysis of how current assessments are done without machine learning, current applications of machine learning and potential future improvements. It is based on a 2-week-long intensive collaboration among experts from around the world during the Understanding Risk Field lab on urban flooding in June 2019.
  
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- Flood risk in a range of spatial perspectives – from global to local scales by Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1319-1328, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1319-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  Considering flood risk composed of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability from global to local scales, this paper reviews and presents increasing observed flood losses and projections of flood hazard and losses. We acknowledge existence of multiple driving factors and of considerable uncertainty, in particular with regards to projections for the future. Finally, this paper analyses options for flood risk reduction from a global framework to regional and local scales.
  
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- Testing empirical and synthetic flood damage models: the case of Italy by Mattia Amadio et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 661-678, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-661-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  Flood risk management relies on assessments performed using flood loss models of different complexities. We compared the performances of expert-based and empirical damage models on three major flood events in northern Italy. Our findings suggest that multivariate models have better potential to provide reliable damage estimates if extensive ancillary characterisation data are available. Expert-based approaches are better suited for transferability compared to empirically based approaches.
  
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- A multi-hazard risk prioritisation framework for cultural heritage assets by Giacomo Sevieri et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1391-1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1391-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Multi-hazard risk assessment of cultural heritage assets is of primary importance in natural-hazard-prone areas, particularly for the prioritization of disaster risk reduction and resilience-enhancing strategies. This paper introduces a multi-hazard risk prioritisation framework specifically developed for cultural heritage assets. The proposed framework relies on a multi-level rapid-visual-survey form for the multi-hazard data collection and risk prioritization of case-study assets.
  
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- Review article: The spatial dimension in the assessment of urban socio-economic vulnerability related to geohazards by Diana Contreras et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1663-1687, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1663-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  The socio-economic condition of the population determines their vulnerability to earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, soil erosion and land degradation. This condition is estimated mainly from population censuses. The lack to access to basic services, proximity to hazard zones, poverty and population density highly influence the vulnerability of communities. Mapping the location of this vulnerable population makes it possible to prevent and mitigate their risk.
  
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- A generic physical vulnerability model for floods: review and concept for data-scarce regions by Mark Bawa Malgwi et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2067-2090, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2067-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Mitigation planning and economic loss assessment generally rely on flood damage prediction models. However, unavailability of empirical data has limited the use of such models in data-scarce areas. This paper combines the vulnerability indicator and damage grade approach to develop a conceptual framework for predicting building damage in data-scarce regions. The framework can be implemented using only expert knowledge and facilitates transferability of flood damage models in data-scarce areas.
  
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- Review article: Review of fragility analyses for major building types in China with new implications for intensity–PGA relation development by Danhua Xin et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 643-672, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-643-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Field surveys after major disastrous earthquakes have shown that poor performance of buildings in earthquake-affected areas is the leading cause of human fatalities and economic losses. The evaluation of seismic fragility for existing building stocks has become a crucial issue due to the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the last decades. This study conducts such a comprehensive review for mainland China and aims to better serve the natural disaster prevention and mitigation cause in China.
  
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- Review article: Towards resilient vital infrastructure systems – challenges, opportunities, and future research agenda by Seyedabdolhossein Mehvar et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1383-1407, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1383-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
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  This review synthesizes and complements existing knowledge in designing resilient vital infrastructure systems (VIS). Results from a systematic literature review indicate that (i) VIS are still being built without taking resilience explicitly into account and (ii) measures to enhance the resilience of VIS have not been widely applied in practice. The main pressing topic to address is the integration of the combined social, ecological, and technical resilience of these systems.
  
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- Invited perspectives: Building sustainable and resilient communities – recommended actions for natural hazard scientists by Joel C. Gill et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 187-202, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-187-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
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  This paper draws on the experiences of seven early career scientists, in different sectors and contexts, to explore the improved integration of natural hazard science into broader efforts to reduce the likelihood and impacts of disasters. We include recommendations for natural hazard scientists, to improve education, training, and research design and to strengthen institutional, financial, and policy actions. We hope to provoke discussion and catalyse changes that will help reduce disaster risk.
  
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- Review article: Risk management framework of environmental hazards and extremes in Mediterranean ecosystems by Panagiotis T. Nastos et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1935-1954, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1935-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
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  Risk assessment consists of three steps: identification, estimation and evaluation. Nevertheless, the risk management framework also includes a fourth step, the need for feedback on all the risk assessment undertakings. However, there is a lack of such feedback, which constitutes a serious deficiency in the reduction of environmental hazards at the present time. The objective of this review paper consists of addressing meteorological hazards and extremes within the risk management framework.
  
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F

Fire weather index
Flood
- Invited perspectives: How machine learning will change flood risk and impact assessment by Dennis Wagenaar et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1149-1161, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1149-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This invited perspective paper addresses how machine learning may change flood risk and impact assessments. It goes through different modelling components and provides an analysis of how current assessments are done without machine learning, current applications of machine learning and potential future improvements. It is based on a 2-week-long intensive collaboration among experts from around the world during the Understanding Risk Field lab on urban flooding in June 2019.
  
  Hide
- Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction: a state-of-the-art review of the research area by Laddaporn Ruangpan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 243-270, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-243-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  This article aims to provide a critical review of the literature and indicate some directions for future research based on the current knowledge gaps in the area of nature-based solutions (NBSs) for hydro-meteorological risk reduction. The final full analysis was performed on 146 closely related articles. A review showed that many advancements related to NBSs have been made to date, but there are still many challenges that will play an important role in extending knowledge in the coming years.
  
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- Uncertainty quantification of flood mitigation predictions and implications for interventions by Koen D. Berends et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1737-1753, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1737-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  River flooding is a major safety concern. Sophisticated models are used to design ways to decrease flood risk, but until recently it was not feasible to calculate how uncertain these model predictions are. Using a new approach, we have now quantified the uncertainty of 12 interventions along the River Waal. Results show significant but not problematically high uncertainty. We demonstrate that the choice between interventions can be different when uncertainty is taken into account.
  
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- Brief communication: Comparing hydrological and hydrogeomorphic paradigms for global flood hazard mapping by Giuliano Di Baldassarre et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1415-1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1415-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Global floodplain mapping has rapidly progressed over the past few years. Different methods have been proposed to identify areas prone to river flooding, resulting in a plethora of available products. Here we assess the potential and limitations of two main paradigms and provide guidance on the use of these global products in assessing flood risk in data-poor regions.
  
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- Global-scale benefit–cost analysis of coastal flood adaptation to different flood risk drivers using structural measures by Timothy Tiggeloven et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1025-1044, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1025-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  We present a framework to evaluate the benefits and costs of coastal adaptation through dikes to reduce future flood risk. If no adaptation takes place, we find that global coastal flood risk increases 150-fold by 2080, with sea-level rise contributing the most. Moreover, 15 countries account for 90 % of this increase; that adaptation shows high potential to cost-effectively reduce flood risk. The results will be integrated into the Aqueduct Global Flood Analyzer web tool.
  
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- Flood risk in a range of spatial perspectives – from global to local scales by Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1319-1328, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1319-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Considering flood risk composed of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability from global to local scales, this paper reviews and presents increasing observed flood losses and projections of flood hazard and losses. We acknowledge existence of multiple driving factors and of considerable uncertainty, in particular with regards to projections for the future. Finally, this paper analyses options for flood risk reduction from a global framework to regional and local scales.
  
  Hide
- Testing empirical and synthetic flood damage models: the case of Italy by Mattia Amadio et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 661-678, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-661-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Flood risk management relies on assessments performed using flood loss models of different complexities. We compared the performances of expert-based and empirical damage models on three major flood events in northern Italy. Our findings suggest that multivariate models have better potential to provide reliable damage estimates if extensive ancillary characterisation data are available. Expert-based approaches are better suited for transferability compared to empirically based approaches.
  
  Hide
- Towards measuring resilience of flood-prone communities: a conceptual framework by Victor O. Oladokun and Burrell E. Montz, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1151-1165, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1151-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  Community resilience is an important policy and research concept. However, lack of an operational measurement framework exists due to difficulties in systematically integrating socioeconomic and techno-ecological factors. A conceptual and mathematical model was developed and a fuzzy logic equivalent of the model implemented to generate a resilience index for three communities in the US. This model offers a viable approach for measuring community flood resilience despite data limitations.
  
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- Review article: A systematic review and future prospects of flood vulnerability indices by Luana Lavagnoli Moreira et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1513-1530, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1513-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
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  The review of flood vulnerability indices revealed that (1) temporal dynamic aspects were often disregarded, (2) coping and adaptive capacity indicators were frequently ignored, as obtaining these data demand time and effort, and (3) most studies neither applied sensitivity (90.5 %) or uncertainty analyses (96.8 %) nor validated the results (86.3 %). The study highlights the importance of addressing these gaps to produce scientifically rigorous and comparable research.
  
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- Review article: Detection of actionable tweets in crisis events by Anna Kruspe et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1825-1845, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1825-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
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  Messages on social media can be an important source of information during crisis situations. This article reviews approaches for the reliable detection of informative messages in a flood of data. We demonstrate the varying goals of these approaches and present existing data sets. We then compare approaches based (1) on keyword and location filtering, (2) on crowdsourcing, and (3) on machine learning. We also point out challenges and suggest future research.
  
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Fog
Food web
Forecast
- Evaluation of Global Fire Weather Database reanalysis and short-term forecast products by Robert D. Field, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1123-1147, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1123-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  This paper compares fire weather indices calculated from the NASA MERRA-2 reanlaysis to those calculated from a global network of weather stations, finding that, globally, biases in reanalysis fire weather are influenced firstly by temperature and relative humidity and, in certain regions, by precipitation biases. Fire weather forecasts using short-term NASA GEOS-5 weather forecasts are skillful 2 d ahead of time. This skill decreases more quickly with longer lead times at high latitudes.
  
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- Review article: Observations for high-impact weather and their use in verification by Chiara Marsigli et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1297-1312, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1297-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
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  This paper reviews new observations for the verification of high-impact weather and provides advice for their usage in objective verification. New observations include remote sensing datasets, products developed for nowcasting, datasets derived from telecommunication systems, data collected from citizens, reports of impacts and reports from insurance companies. This work has been performed in the framework of the Joint Working Group on Forecast Verification Research (JWGFVR) of the WMO.
  
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FTIR
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review by E. R. Graber and Y. Rudich, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729-753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012

G

Galactic cosmic rays
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- Meteor smoke influences on the D-region charge balance – review of recent in situ measurements and one-dimensional model results by C. Baumann et al., Ann. Geophys., 31, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2049-2013, 2013
GLAS
Global circulation
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Critical review of SWAT applications in the upper Nile basin countries by A. van Griensven et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3371-3381, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3371-2012, 2012
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
  Hide
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
Global warming
- Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems by Khan M. G. Mostofa et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 1767-1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016, 2016
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics and hypoxia by M. A. Peña et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 933-957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-933-2010, 2010
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- Climate change impacts on runoff in West Africa: a review by P. Roudier et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2789-2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2789-2014, 2014
- Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods by H. Visser and A. C. Petersen, Clim. Past, 8, 265-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-265-2012, 2012
- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research by Dong-Gill Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 4789-4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.
  
  Hide
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands treating wastewater: a review by M. M. R. Jahangir et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 109-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-109-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in constructed wetlands is inconsistent and does not reveal whether the removal processes are from physical attenuation or transformation to other reactive forms. Previous research did not consider "pollution swapping" driven by transformational processes. Herein the biogeochemical dynamics and fate of carbon and nitrogen and their potential impact on the environment, as well as novel ways in which these knowledge gaps may be eliminated, are explored.
  
  Hide
- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- Reviews and Syntheses: Responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis by J. Meyer and U. Riebesell, Biogeosciences, 12, 1671-1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1671-2015, 2015
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- A brief review on the presentation of cycle 24, the first integrated solar cycle in the new millennium by K. J. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 29, 341-348, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-341-2011, 2011
- The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems by E. Bochet, SOIL, 1, 131-146, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-131-2015, 2015
- The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue by T. Tanhua et al., Ocean Sci., 9, 789-803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013
- Review article "On the origins of decadal climate variability: a network perspective" by A. A. Tsonis and K. L. Swanson, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 559-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-559-2012, 2012
- Review article: A review and critical analysis of the efforts towards urban flood risk management in the Lagos region of Nigeria by U. C. Nkwunonwo et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 349-369, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-349-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This research reviews flood risk within the Lagos area of Nigeria over the period 1968 to 2012. During this period, floods have caused harm to millions of people physically, emotionally, and economically. Arguably over this period the efforts of stakeholders to address the challenges appear to have been limited by, among other things, lack of reliable data, lack of awareness among the population affected, and lack of knowledge of flood risk mitigation. Recommendations are made for flood modeling.
  
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- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity by J. F. Schyns et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4581-4608, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015, 2015
- Quantifying the human impact on water resources: a critical review of the water footprint concept by J. Chenoweth et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2325-2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014, 2014
- Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1199-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1199-2012, 2012
- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- Reviews and syntheses: Australian vegetation phenology: new insights from satellite remote sensing and digital repeat photography by Caitlin E. Moore et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 5085-5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Soil N₂O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis by J. van Lent et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7299-7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015
- Diversity of Arctic pelagic Bacteria with an emphasis on photoheterotrophs: a review by D. Boeuf et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 3309-3322, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3309-2014, 2014
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs by Rebecca L. Jackson et al., Biogeosciences, 17, 2181-2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Coral reefs are a strong source of atmospheric sulfur through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). This biogenic sulfur can influence aerosol and cloud properties and, consequently, the radiative balance over the ocean. DMS emissions may therefore help to mitigate coral physiological stress via increased low-level cloud cover and reduced sea surface temperature. The importance of DMS in coral physiology and climate is reviewed and the implications for coral bleaching are discussed.
  
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- Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? by Karina von Schuckmann et al., Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2013-2041, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Understanding how much and where the heat is distributed in the Earth system is fundamental to understanding how this affects warming oceans, atmosphere and land, rising temperatures and sea level, and loss of grounded and floating ice, which are fundamental concerns for society. This study is a Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) concerted international effort to obtain the Earth heat inventory over the period 1960–2018.
  
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GOME
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
  Hide
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
GOMOS
Gravity waves
- Electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth's upper atmosphere (review) by A. G. Khantadze et al., Ann. Geophys., 28, 1387-1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1387-2010, 2010
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Turbulent diffusivity in the free atmosphere inferred from MST radar measurements: a review by R. Wilson, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3869-3887, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3869-2004, 2004
- Basic convective element: bubble or plume? A historical review by J.-I. Yano, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7019-7030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7019-2014, 2014
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Historic tsunami in Britain since AD 1000: a review by S. K. Haslett and E. A. Bryant, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 587-601, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-587-2008, 2008
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
Greenhouse gases
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research by Dong-Gill Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 4789-4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.
  
  Hide
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands treating wastewater: a review by M. M. R. Jahangir et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 109-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-109-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in constructed wetlands is inconsistent and does not reveal whether the removal processes are from physical attenuation or transformation to other reactive forms. Previous research did not consider "pollution swapping" driven by transformational processes. Herein the biogeochemical dynamics and fate of carbon and nitrogen and their potential impact on the environment, as well as novel ways in which these knowledge gaps may be eliminated, are explored.
  
  Hide
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Northern peatland carbon stocks and dynamics: a review by Z. C. Yu, Biogeosciences, 9, 4071-4085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4071-2012, 2012
- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods by H. Visser and A. C. Petersen, Clim. Past, 8, 265-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-265-2012, 2012
- Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1199-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1199-2012, 2012
- Modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics and hypoxia by M. A. Peña et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 933-957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-933-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil N₂O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis by J. van Lent et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7299-7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
Ground-based networks

H

Hadley cell
Hail
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods by H. Visser and A. C. Petersen, Clim. Past, 8, 265-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-265-2012, 2012
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Basic convective element: bubble or plume? A historical review by J.-I. Yano, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7019-7030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7019-2014, 2014
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
HALOE
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
Halogen
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
  Hide
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
  Hide
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Chemical and physical transformations of mercury in the ocean: a review by N. Batrakova et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 1047-1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1047-2014, 2014
- Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review by Lei Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417-2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Halogen activation via interactions with environmental ice and snow in the polar lower troposphere and other regions by J. P. D. Abbatt et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6237-6271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6237-2012, 2012
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
Halogens
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
  Hide
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
  Hide
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
Hazard assessment
Hazard dynamics
Hazard map
- Statistical theory of probabilistic hazard maps: a probability distribution for the hazard boundary location by David M. Hyman et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1347-1363, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1347-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  In this work, we present new methods for calculating the mean, standard deviation, median, and modal locations of the boundaries of volcanic hazards. These calculations are based on a new, mathematically rigorous definition of probabilistic hazard maps – a way to map the probabilities of inundation by a given hazard. We apply this analysis to several models of volcanic flows: simple models of viscous flows, complex models of a tabletop granular flow, and a complex model of a volcanic mud flow.
  
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- Brief communication: Comparing hydrological and hydrogeomorphic paradigms for global flood hazard mapping by Giuliano Di Baldassarre et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1415-1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1415-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Global floodplain mapping has rapidly progressed over the past few years. Different methods have been proposed to identify areas prone to river flooding, resulting in a plethora of available products. Here we assess the potential and limitations of two main paradigms and provide guidance on the use of these global products in assessing flood risk in data-poor regions.
  
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- The first version of the Pan-European Indoor Radon Map by Javier Elío et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2451-2464, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2451-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  The first version of the Pan-European Indoor Radon Map is presented in this article. The map has been developed using summary statistics estimated from 1.2 million samples. It represents an average radon concentration per 10 km x 10 km grid cell under the assumption that there are dwellings in the grid cell. It is a major contribution to the understanding of the exposure to ionizing radiation of Europeans and a first step towards a European radon exposure and, in the future, radon dose map.
  
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- Climate risks, digital media, and big data: following communication trails to investigate urban communities' resilience by Rosa Vicari et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1485-1498, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1485-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Today, when extreme weather affects an urban area, huge numbers of digital data are spontaneously produced by the population on the Web. These digital trails can provide insight into the relation between climate-related risks and the social perception of these risks. The experiments presented in this paper show that big data exploration techniques can amplify debated issues and actors and explore how social media users behave.
  
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- Communicating disaster risk? An evaluation of the availability and quality of flood maps by Daniel Henstra et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 313-323, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-313-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Flood maps can help stakeholders and the public understand their flood risk. We evaluated the quality of publicly accessible flood maps in Canadian communities designated as flood risk areas. We found that most maps (62 %) are low quality (meeting less than half of the criteria) and the highest score was 78 % (seven of nine criteria met). Canada must make a more concerted effort to produce high-quality flood maps to support its international commitment to disaster risk reduction.
  
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Heat inventory
Heat wave
Heavy precipitation
Heterogeneous chemistry
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
  Hide
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
HIRDLS
Hydrosphere

I

IASI
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
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- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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Ice coverage
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
  Hide
ILAS
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
Infrastructure
Iodine
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Review of robust measurement of phosphorus in river water: sampling, storage, fractionation and sensitivity by H. P. Jarvie et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 113-131, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-113-2002, 2002
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
Ion chemistry
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- Meteor smoke influences on the D-region charge balance – review of recent in situ measurements and one-dimensional model results by C. Baumann et al., Ann. Geophys., 31, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2049-2013, 2013
- Review: geological and experimental evidence for secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite-aragonite seas) and its effects on marine biological calcification by J. B. Ries, Biogeosciences, 7, 2795-2849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2795-2010, 2010
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
Isoprene
- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review by N. Brüggemann et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 3457-3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3457-2011, 2011
- Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO₂ and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms by C. Werner and A. Gessler, Biogeosciences, 8, 2437-2459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2437-2011, 2011
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review by T. R. Duhl et al., Biogeosciences, 5, 761-777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008
- Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review by E. R. Graber and Y. Rudich, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 729-753, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006, 2006
- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
Isotopic fractionation
- Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review by N. Brüggemann et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 3457-3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3457-2011, 2011
- Bacterial carbon sources in coastal sediments: a cross-system analysis based on stable isotope data of biomarkers by S. Bouillon and H. T. S. Boschker, Biogeosciences, 3, 175-185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-175-2006, 2006
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
  Hide
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO₂ and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms by C. Werner and A. Gessler, Biogeosciences, 8, 2437-2459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2437-2011, 2011
- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- Reviews and Syntheses: Responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis by J. Meyer and U. Riebesell, Biogeosciences, 12, 1671-1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1671-2015, 2015
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- Reviews and syntheses: Insights into deep-sea food webs and global environmental gradients revealed by stable isotope (δ¹⁵N, δ¹³C) and fatty acid trophic biomarkers by Camilla Parzanini et al., Biogeosciences, 16, 2837-2856, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2837-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  This review synthesized current knowledge of deep-sea food webs and provided a preliminary analysis of global geographic patterns in the biochemical composition of deep-water organisms. Our results revealed both latitudinal and depth wise trends in the biochemical composition of deep-sea animals. In addition, the link across latitudes between surface primary production and deep-water communities was highlighted, which has important implications in the face of global climate change.
  
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L

Landslide
- Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction: a state-of-the-art review of the research area by Laddaporn Ruangpan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 243-270, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-243-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This article aims to provide a critical review of the literature and indicate some directions for future research based on the current knowledge gaps in the area of nature-based solutions (NBSs) for hydro-meteorological risk reduction. The final full analysis was performed on 146 closely related articles. A review showed that many advancements related to NBSs have been made to date, but there are still many challenges that will play an important role in extending knowledge in the coming years.
  
  Hide
- Invited perspectives: Landslide populations – can they be predicted? by Fausto Guzzetti, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1467-1471, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1467-2021, 2021 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This is a perspective based on personal experience on whether a large number of landslides caused by a single trigger (e.g. an earthquake, an intense rainfall, a rapid snowmelt event) or by multiple triggers in a period can be predicted, in space and time, considering the consequences of slope failures.
  
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Lidar
- A review of turbulence measurements using ground-based wind lidars by A. Sathe and J. Mann, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3147-3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3147-2013, 2013
- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
  Hide
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
  Hide
- Rockfall characterisation and structural protection – a review by A. Volkwein et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2617-2651, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2617-2011, 2011
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
- Uncertainties associated with digital elevation models for hydrologic applications: a review by S. P. Wechsler, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1481-1500, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1481-2007, 2007
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
  Hide
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
  Hide
- A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-827-2005, 2005
- Review article: A review and critical analysis of the efforts towards urban flood risk management in the Lagos region of Nigeria by U. C. Nkwunonwo et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 349-369, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-349-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This research reviews flood risk within the Lagos area of Nigeria over the period 1968 to 2012. During this period, floods have caused harm to millions of people physically, emotionally, and economically. Arguably over this period the efforts of stakeholders to address the challenges appear to have been limited by, among other things, lack of reliable data, lack of awareness among the population affected, and lack of knowledge of flood risk mitigation. Recommendations are made for flood modeling.
  
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- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint by J. A. Gamon, Biogeosciences, 12, 4509-4523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4509-2015, 2015
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- Morphological coupling in multiple sandbar systems – a review by T. D. Price et al., Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 309-321, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-309-2014, 2014
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics: a review by Bruno Cheviron and Roger Moussa, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3799-3830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3799-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics. Each case study has a signature composed of given contexts (spatiotemporal scales, flow typology, and phenomenology) and chosen concepts (refinement and subscales of the flow model). This review proposes a normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
  
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- Northern peatland carbon stocks and dynamics: a review by Z. C. Yu, Biogeosciences, 9, 4071-4085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4071-2012, 2012
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
Lightning
- Underlying mechanisms of transient luminous events: a review by V. V. Surkov and M. Hayakawa, Ann. Geophys., 30, 1185-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1185-2012, 2012
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: the first records of deep-sea fauna – a correction and discussion by W. Etter and H. Hess, Biogeosciences, 12, 6453-6462, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6453-2015, 2015
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
Limb
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of the quantitative links between CMEs and magnetic clouds by P. Démoulin, Ann. Geophys., 26, 3113-3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3113-2008, 2008
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
  Hide
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Review article "Assessment of economic flood damage" by B. Merz et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 1697-1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1697-2010, 2010
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- Rockfall characterisation and structural protection – a review by A. Volkwein et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2617-2651, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2617-2011, 2011
- Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review by A. P. Walsh et al., Ann. Geophys., 32, 705-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, 2014
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
  Hide
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
  Hide
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
LIMS
Lithosphere
- Review of some significant claimed irregularities in Scandinavian postglacial uplift on timescales of tens to thousands of years – earthquakes in Denmark? by S. Gregersen and P. H. Voss, Solid Earth, 5, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-109-2014, 2014
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
  Hide
Long-range transport
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
  Hide
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
  Hide
- Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review by Lei Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417-2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010

M

Measurement techniques
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
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- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands treating wastewater: a review by M. M. R. Jahangir et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 109-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-109-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in constructed wetlands is inconsistent and does not reveal whether the removal processes are from physical attenuation or transformation to other reactive forms. Previous research did not consider "pollution swapping" driven by transformational processes. Herein the biogeochemical dynamics and fate of carbon and nitrogen and their potential impact on the environment, as well as novel ways in which these knowledge gaps may be eliminated, are explored.
  
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- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
- Incorporating student-centered approaches into catchment hydrology teaching: a review and synthesis by S. E. Thompson et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3263-3278, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3263-2012, 2012
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research by Dong-Gill Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 4789-4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.
  
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- Turbulent diffusivity in the free atmosphere inferred from MST radar measurements: a review by R. Wilson, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3869-3887, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3869-2004, 2004
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- Technical Note: Review of methods for linear least-squares fitting of data and application to atmospheric chemistry problems by C. A. Cantrell, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5477-5487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5477-2008, 2008
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-827-2005, 2005
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review by David S. McLagan et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061-3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
  
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- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Insights into deep-sea food webs and global environmental gradients revealed by stable isotope (δ¹⁵N, δ¹³C) and fatty acid trophic biomarkers by Camilla Parzanini et al., Biogeosciences, 16, 2837-2856, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2837-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This review synthesized current knowledge of deep-sea food webs and provided a preliminary analysis of global geographic patterns in the biochemical composition of deep-water organisms. Our results revealed both latitudinal and depth wise trends in the biochemical composition of deep-sea animals. In addition, the link across latitudes between surface primary production and deep-water communities was highlighted, which has important implications in the face of global climate change.
  
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Mesosphere
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Turbulent diffusivity in the free atmosphere inferred from MST radar measurements: a review by R. Wilson, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3869-3887, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3869-2004, 2004
- Meteor smoke influences on the D-region charge balance – review of recent in situ measurements and one-dimensional model results by C. Baumann et al., Ann. Geophys., 31, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2049-2013, 2013
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- Underlying mechanisms of transient luminous events: a review by V. V. Surkov and M. Hayakawa, Ann. Geophys., 30, 1185-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1185-2012, 2012
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth's upper atmosphere (review) by A. G. Khantadze et al., Ann. Geophys., 28, 1387-1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1387-2010, 2010
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
METEOSAT
- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
Microphysics
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- A review of the theoretical basis for bulk mass flux convective parameterization by R. S. Plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3529-3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3529-2010, 2010
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- Plasma waves above the ion cyclotron frequency in the solar wind: a review on observations by C. Briand, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 16, 319-329, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-16-319-2009, 2009
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- Meteor smoke influences on the D-region charge balance – review of recent in situ measurements and one-dimensional model results by C. Baumann et al., Ann. Geophys., 31, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2049-2013, 2013
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- Basic convective element: bubble or plume? A historical review by J.-I. Yano, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7019-7030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7019-2014, 2014
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
microplastic
MIPAS
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
Mitigation
Modeling
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- Modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics and hypoxia by M. A. Peña et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 933-957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-933-2010, 2010
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
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- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Uncertainties associated with digital elevation models for hydrologic applications: a review by S. P. Wechsler, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1481-1500, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1481-2007, 2007
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- Socio-hydrological modelling: a review asking "why, what and how?" by P. Blair and W. Buytaert, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 443-478, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-443-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper reviews literature surrounding many aspects of socio-hydrological modelling; this includes a background to the subject of socio-hydrology, reasons why socio-hydrological modelling would be used, what is to be modelled in socio-hydrology and concepts that underpin this, as well as several modelling techniques and how they may be applied in socio-hydrology.
  
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- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics: a review by Bruno Cheviron and Roger Moussa, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3799-3830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3799-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics. Each case study has a signature composed of given contexts (spatiotemporal scales, flow typology, and phenomenology) and chosen concepts (refinement and subscales of the flow model). This review proposes a normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
  
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- A review of biomass burning emissions part III: intensive optical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 827-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-827-2005, 2005
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- Data-based modelling of the Earth's dynamic magnetosphere: a review by N. A. Tsyganenko, Ann. Geophys., 31, 1745-1772, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1745-2013, 2013
- Underlying mechanisms of transient luminous events: a review by V. V. Surkov and M. Hayakawa, Ann. Geophys., 30, 1185-1212, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1185-2012, 2012
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- A review on electrokinetically induced seismo-electrics, electro-seismics, and seismo-magnetics for Earth sciences by L. Jouniaux and F. Zyserman, Solid Earth, 7, 249-284, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-249-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  The seismo-electromagnetic method is used for non-invasive subsurface exploration, showing interesting results for detecting fluids such as water, oil, gas, CO₂, or ice, and to better characterize the subsurface in terms of porosity, permeability, and fractures. We describe theoretical background, the role of key parameters, recent theoretical and numerical developments, and field and laboratory observations to show that this method can bring advantages compared to classical geophysical method.
  
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- Incorporating student-centered approaches into catchment hydrology teaching: a review and synthesis by S. E. Thompson et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3263-3278, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3263-2012, 2012
- Review article: Assessing the costs of natural hazards – state of the art and knowledge gaps by V. Meyer et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1351-1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1351-2013, 2013
- Soil–aquifer phenomena affecting groundwater under vertisols: a review by D. Kurtzman et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Vertisols are cracking clayey, arable soils that often overlay groundwater reservoirs. The soil cracks enable flow that bypasses soil blocks, which results in both relatively fresh recharge of the underlying groundwater and contamination with reactive contaminants. These special phenomena, as well as unique mechanism of salinization after cultivation and relative resilience to contamination by nitrate typical to groundwater under vertisols, are reviewed in this study.
  
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- Teaching hydrogeology: a review of current practice by T. Gleeson et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2159-2168, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2159-2012, 2012
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Transient and localized processes in the magnetotail: a review by A. S. Sharma et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 955-1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-955-2008, 2008
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- A review of regionalisation for continuous streamflow simulation by Y. He et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3539-3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3539-2011, 2011
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint by J. A. Gamon, Biogeosciences, 12, 4509-4523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4509-2015, 2015
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
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- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change by A. Rabatel et al., The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013
- Uncertainty in soil physical data at river basin scale – a review by P. van der Keur and B. V. Iversen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 889-902, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-889-2006, 2006
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere by R.-S. Massad et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10359-10386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10359-2010, 2010
- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
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- Stream temperature prediction in ungauged basins: review of recent approaches and description of a new physics-derived statistical model by A. Gallice et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3727-3753, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3727-2015, 2015
- Multivariate return periods in hydrology: a critical and practical review focusing on synthetic design hydrograph estimation by B. Gräler et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1281-1296, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1281-2013, 2013
- Critical review of SWAT applications in the upper Nile basin countries by A. van Griensven et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3371-3381, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3371-2012, 2012
- Northern peatland carbon stocks and dynamics: a review by Z. C. Yu, Biogeosciences, 9, 4071-4085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4071-2012, 2012
- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil N₂O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis by J. van Lent et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7299-7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015
- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- A review of turbulence measurements using ground-based wind lidars by A. Sathe and J. Mann, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 3147-3167, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3147-2013, 2013
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Review article "Assessment of economic flood damage" by B. Merz et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 1697-1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1697-2010, 2010
- Morphological coupling in multiple sandbar systems – a review by T. D. Price et al., Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 309-321, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-309-2014, 2014
- Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review by N. Brüggemann et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 3457-3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3457-2011, 2011
- Analysis of ionospheric electrodynamic parameters on mesoscales – a review of selected techniques using data from ground-based observation networks and satellites by H. Vanhamäki and O. Amm, Ann. Geophys., 29, 467-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-467-2011, 2011
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- A review of the role of submarine canyons in deep-ocean exchange with the shelf by S. E. Allen and X. Durrieu de Madron, Ocean Sci., 5, 607-620, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-607-2009, 2009
- Review Article: Numerical analysis of the seismic behaviour of earth dam by Y. Parish et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 451-458, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-451-2009, 2009
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- The PREVIEW Global Risk Data Platform: a geoportal to serve and share global data on risk to natural hazards by G. Giuliani and P. Peduzzi, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 53-66, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-53-2011, 2011
- Rockfall characterisation and structural protection – a review by A. Volkwein et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2617-2651, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2617-2011, 2011
- Use of column experiments to investigate the fate of organic micropollutants – a review by Stefan Banzhaf and Klaus H. Hebig, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3719-3737, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3719-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  We present a review of how transport and fate of micropollutants, i.e., pharmaceuticals and pesticides that are found in groundwater worldwide, can be studied using a laboratory setup of column experiments. Hereby, transport relevant processes are presented and which compounds and which of their properties can be studied with column experiments. We discuss advantages of this laboratory method and show weaknesses and problems.
  
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- Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity by J. F. Schyns et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4581-4608, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015, 2015
- Quantifying the human impact on water resources: a critical review of the water footprint concept by J. Chenoweth et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2325-2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014, 2014
- Review article "Geo-neutrinos" by L. Ludhova, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 1, 221-227, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-1-221-2012, 2012
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- Coordinated studies of the geospace environment using Cluster, satellite and ground-based data: an interim review by O. Amm et al., Ann. Geophys., 23, 2129-2170, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2129-2005, 2005
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- Ice nucleation efficiency of AgI: review and new insights by Claudia Marcolli et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8915-8937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8915-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Silver iodide is one of the best-investigated ice nuclei. It has relevance for the atmosphere since it is used for glaciogenic cloud seeding. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. This paper gives an overview of silver iodide as an ice nucleus and tries to identify the factors that influence the ice nucleation ability of silver iodide.
  
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- Black carbon semi-direct effects on cloud cover: review and synthesis by D. Koch and A. D. Del Genio, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7685-7696, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7685-2010, 2010
- Review: visual analytics of climate networks by T. Nocke et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 545-570, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-545-2015, 2015
- Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: review, comparison and evaluation by A. Brenning, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 853-862, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-853-2005, 2005
- Review Article "Valuating the intangible effects of natural hazards – review and analysis of the costing methods" by V. Markantonis et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 1633-1640, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1633-2012, 2012
- Review of recent advances in index flood estimation by D. Bocchiola et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 7, 283-296, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-283-2003, 2003
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
- Climate change impacts on runoff in West Africa: a review by P. Roudier et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2789-2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2789-2014, 2014
- Recent revisions of phosphate rock reserves and resources: a critique by J. D. Edixhoven et al., Earth Syst. Dynam., 5, 491-507, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-491-2014, 2014
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- Review: geological and experimental evidence for secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite-aragonite seas) and its effects on marine biological calcification by J. B. Ries, Biogeosciences, 7, 2795-2849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2795-2010, 2010
- Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research by Dong-Gill Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 4789-4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China's forest ecosystems by Z. H. Zhou and C. K. Wang, Biogeosciences, 12, 6751-6760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6751-2015, 2015
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- A review of the quantitative links between CMEs and magnetic clouds by P. Démoulin, Ann. Geophys., 26, 3113-3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3113-2008, 2008
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- Technical Note: Review of methods for linear least-squares fitting of data and application to atmospheric chemistry problems by C. A. Cantrell, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5477-5487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5477-2008, 2008
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue by T. Tanhua et al., Ocean Sci., 9, 789-803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013
- What are "ecogenomic sensors?" A review and thoughts for the future by C. A. Scholin, Ocean Sci., 6, 51-60, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-51-2010, 2010
- Chemical and physical transformations of mercury in the ocean: a review by N. Batrakova et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 1047-1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1047-2014, 2014
- Review article "On the origins of decadal climate variability: a network perspective" by A. A. Tsonis and K. L. Swanson, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 559-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-559-2012, 2012
- Self-sustained vibrations in volcanic areas extracted by Independent Component Analysis: a review and new results by E. De Lauro et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 18, 925-940, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-925-2011, 2011
- Review article: A review and critical analysis of the efforts towards urban flood risk management in the Lagos region of Nigeria by U. C. Nkwunonwo et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 349-369, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-349-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This research reviews flood risk within the Lagos area of Nigeria over the period 1968 to 2012. During this period, floods have caused harm to millions of people physically, emotionally, and economically. Arguably over this period the efforts of stakeholders to address the challenges appear to have been limited by, among other things, lack of reliable data, lack of awareness among the population affected, and lack of knowledge of flood risk mitigation. Recommendations are made for flood modeling.
  
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- Multi-criteria decision-making for flood risk management: a survey of the current state of the art by Mariana Madruga de Brito and Mariele Evers, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1019-1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1019-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This study presents a systematic review of 128 papers that apply multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools to flood problems, aiming to provide an overall picture of what has motivated researchers in 37 different countries over the past 2 decades. A wide range of applications were identified, highlighting the utility of MCDM as a decision support tool in all stages of the flood management process.
  
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- Review of unprecedented ULF electromagnetic anomalous emissions possibly related to the Wenchuan M_S = 8.0 earthquake, on 12 May 2008 by M. Li et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 279-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-279-2013, 2013
- Review Article: Economic evaluation of flood damage to agriculture – review and analysis of existing methods by P. Brémond et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2493-2512, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2493-2013, 2013
- Review Article: Lake and breach hazard assessment for moraine-dammed lakes: an example from the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) by A. Emmer and V. Vilímek, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1551-1565, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1551-2013, 2013
- A review of green- and blue-water resources and their trade-offs for future agricultural production in the Amazon Basin: what could irrigated agriculture mean for Amazonia? by Michael J. Lathuillière et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2179-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2179-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  We apply the green- and blue-water perspective to Amazonia's water resources to highlight trade-offs that may arise with future land use change. We question how future irrigation may supply additional water vapour to the atmosphere with growing agricultural production. Maintaining precipitation recycling could prevent degradation of rainfall-dependent terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to minimize blue-water trade-offs between up- and downstream water users within the Amazon Basin.
  
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- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands treating wastewater: a review by M. M. R. Jahangir et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 109-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-109-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in constructed wetlands is inconsistent and does not reveal whether the removal processes are from physical attenuation or transformation to other reactive forms. Previous research did not consider "pollution swapping" driven by transformational processes. Herein the biogeochemical dynamics and fate of carbon and nitrogen and their potential impact on the environment, as well as novel ways in which these knowledge gaps may be eliminated, are explored.
  
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- Measuring methods for groundwater – surface water interactions: a review by E. Kalbus et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 873-887, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-873-2006, 2006
- Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods by H. Visser and A. C. Petersen, Clim. Past, 8, 265-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-265-2012, 2012
- Plankton in the open Mediterranean Sea: a review by I. Siokou-Frangou et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 1543-1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1543-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Australian vegetation phenology: new insights from satellite remote sensing and digital repeat photography by Caitlin E. Moore et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 5085-5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
  
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- Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems by Khan M. G. Mostofa et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 1767-1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016, 2016
- Diversity of Arctic pelagic Bacteria with an emphasis on photoheterotrophs: a review by D. Boeuf et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 3309-3322, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3309-2014, 2014
- Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems by J. E. Cloern et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 2477-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014, 2014
- Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review by A. P. Walsh et al., Ann. Geophys., 32, 705-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, 2014
- Meteor smoke influences on the D-region charge balance – review of recent in situ measurements and one-dimensional model results by C. Baumann et al., Ann. Geophys., 31, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2049-2013, 2013
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review by David S. McLagan et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061-3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
  
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- Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review by Lei Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417-2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
- Basic convective element: bubble or plume? A historical review by J.-I. Yano, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7019-7030, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7019-2014, 2014
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- Atmospheric ions and nucleation: a review of observations by A. Hirsikko et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 767-798, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-767-2011, 2011
- Using R in hydrology: a review of recent developments and future directions by Louise J. Slater et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2939-2963, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2939-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
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  This paper explores the benefits and advantages of R's usage in hydrology. We provide an overview of a typical hydrological workflow based on reproducible principles and packages for retrieval of hydro-meteorological data, spatial analysis, hydrological modelling, statistics, and the design of static and dynamic visualizations and documents. We discuss some of the challenges that arise when using R in hydrology as well as a roadmap for R’s future within the discipline.
  
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Modelling
- Socio-hydrological modelling: a review asking "why, what and how?" by P. Blair and W. Buytaert, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 443-478, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-443-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper reviews literature surrounding many aspects of socio-hydrological modelling; this includes a background to the subject of socio-hydrology, reasons why socio-hydrological modelling would be used, what is to be modelled in socio-hydrology and concepts that underpin this, as well as several modelling techniques and how they may be applied in socio-hydrology.
  
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- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics: a review by Bruno Cheviron and Roger Moussa, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3799-3830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3799-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics. Each case study has a signature composed of given contexts (spatiotemporal scales, flow typology, and phenomenology) and chosen concepts (refinement and subscales of the flow model). This review proposes a normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
  
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- Rockfall characterisation and structural protection – a review by A. Volkwein et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2617-2651, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2617-2011, 2011
- Data-based modelling of the Earth's dynamic magnetosphere: a review by N. A. Tsyganenko, Ann. Geophys., 31, 1745-1772, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1745-2013, 2013
- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Land-surface modelling in hydrological perspective – a review by J. Overgaard et al., Biogeosciences, 3, 229-241, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-229-2006, 2006
- Uncertainty in soil physical data at river basin scale – a review by P. van der Keur and B. V. Iversen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 889-902, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-889-2006, 2006
- Review article "Assessment of economic flood damage" by B. Merz et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 1697-1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1697-2010, 2010
- Review article: A review and critical analysis of the efforts towards urban flood risk management in the Lagos region of Nigeria by U. C. Nkwunonwo et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 349-369, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-349-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This research reviews flood risk within the Lagos area of Nigeria over the period 1968 to 2012. During this period, floods have caused harm to millions of people physically, emotionally, and economically. Arguably over this period the efforts of stakeholders to address the challenges appear to have been limited by, among other things, lack of reliable data, lack of awareness among the population affected, and lack of knowledge of flood risk mitigation. Recommendations are made for flood modeling.
  
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- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
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- Defining environmental river flow requirements – a review by M. C. Acreman and M. J. Dunbar, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 861-876, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-861-2004, 2004
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
- A review on electrokinetically induced seismo-electrics, electro-seismics, and seismo-magnetics for Earth sciences by L. Jouniaux and F. Zyserman, Solid Earth, 7, 249-284, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-249-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  The seismo-electromagnetic method is used for non-invasive subsurface exploration, showing interesting results for detecting fluids such as water, oil, gas, CO₂, or ice, and to better characterize the subsurface in terms of porosity, permeability, and fractures. We describe theoretical background, the role of key parameters, recent theoretical and numerical developments, and field and laboratory observations to show that this method can bring advantages compared to classical geophysical method.
  
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- Stochastic generation of annual, monthly and daily climate data: A review by R. Srikanthan and T. A. McMahon, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 653-670, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-653-2001, 2001
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- Critical review of SWAT applications in the upper Nile basin countries by A. van Griensven et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3371-3381, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3371-2012, 2012
- Stream temperature prediction in ungauged basins: review of recent approaches and description of a new physics-derived statistical model by A. Gallice et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3727-3753, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3727-2015, 2015
- Morphological coupling in multiple sandbar systems – a review by T. D. Price et al., Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 309-321, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-309-2014, 2014
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- Uncertainties associated with digital elevation models for hydrologic applications: a review by S. P. Wechsler, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1481-1500, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1481-2007, 2007
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review by B. Gantt and N. Meskhidze, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3979-3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013, 2013
- Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: review, comparison and evaluation by A. Brenning, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 853-862, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-853-2005, 2005
- Multivariate return periods in hydrology: a critical and practical review focusing on synthetic design hydrograph estimation by B. Gräler et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1281-1296, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1281-2013, 2013
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere by R.-S. Massad et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10359-10386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10359-2010, 2010
- A review of the role of submarine canyons in deep-ocean exchange with the shelf by S. E. Allen and X. Durrieu de Madron, Ocean Sci., 5, 607-620, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-5-607-2009, 2009
- Chemical and physical transformations of mercury in the ocean: a review by N. Batrakova et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 1047-1063, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-1047-2014, 2014
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Quantifying the human impact on water resources: a critical review of the water footprint concept by J. Chenoweth et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2325-2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2325-2014, 2014
- A review of regionalisation for continuous streamflow simulation by Y. He et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3539-3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3539-2011, 2011
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding by M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2601-2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004, 2004
- Review Article: Economic evaluation of flood damage to agriculture – review and analysis of existing methods by P. Brémond et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2493-2512, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2493-2013, 2013
- Review article: Assessing the costs of natural hazards – state of the art and knowledge gaps by V. Meyer et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1351-1373, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1351-2013, 2013
- Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods by H. Visser and A. C. Petersen, Clim. Past, 8, 265-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-265-2012, 2012
- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- Multi-criteria decision-making for flood risk management: a survey of the current state of the art by Mariana Madruga de Brito and Mariele Evers, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1019-1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1019-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This study presents a systematic review of 128 papers that apply multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools to flood problems, aiming to provide an overall picture of what has motivated researchers in 37 different countries over the past 2 decades. A wide range of applications were identified, highlighting the utility of MCDM as a decision support tool in all stages of the flood management process.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- Coordinated studies of the geospace environment using Cluster, satellite and ground-based data: an interim review by O. Amm et al., Ann. Geophys., 23, 2129-2170, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2129-2005, 2005
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- Review and uncertainty assessment of size-resolved scavenging coefficient formulations for below-cloud snow scavenging of atmospheric aerosols by L. Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10005-10025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10005-2013, 2013
- The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers by E. C. Hunke et al., The Cryosphere, 5, 989-1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011, 2011
- A review of wave climate and prediction along the Spanish Mediterranean coast by A. Sánchez-Arcilla et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 1217-1228, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1217-2008, 2008
- A review of green- and blue-water resources and their trade-offs for future agricultural production in the Amazon Basin: what could irrigated agriculture mean for Amazonia? by Michael J. Lathuillière et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2179-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2179-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  We apply the green- and blue-water perspective to Amazonia's water resources to highlight trade-offs that may arise with future land use change. We question how future irrigation may supply additional water vapour to the atmosphere with growing agricultural production. Maintaining precipitation recycling could prevent degradation of rainfall-dependent terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to minimize blue-water trade-offs between up- and downstream water users within the Amazon Basin.
  
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- Climate change impacts on runoff in West Africa: a review by P. Roudier et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2789-2801, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2789-2014, 2014
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- Measuring and modeling mercury in the atmosphere: a critical review by M. S. Gustin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5697-5713, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5697-2015, 2015
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Water quality and ecology of the River Lee: mass balance and a review of temporal and spatial data by D. L. Snook and P. G. Whitehead, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 636-650, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-636-2004, 2004
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4911-4923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4911-2008, 2008
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Review of some significant claimed irregularities in Scandinavian postglacial uplift on timescales of tens to thousands of years – earthquakes in Denmark? by S. Gregersen and P. H. Voss, Solid Earth, 5, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-109-2014, 2014
- Review of retrofit strategies decision system in historic perspective by M. D. Bostenaru Dan, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 4, 449-462, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-449-2004, 2004
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- Modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics and hypoxia by M. A. Peña et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 933-957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-933-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Australian vegetation phenology: new insights from satellite remote sensing and digital repeat photography by Caitlin E. Moore et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 5085-5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
  
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- Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic ecosystems by J. E. Vonk et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7129-7167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols: a review of results from laboratory experiments by C. Hoose and O. Möhler, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 9817-9854, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9817-2012, 2012
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- The fate of seeds in the soil: a review of the influence of overland flow on seed removal and its consequences for the vegetation of arid and semiarid patchy ecosystems by E. Bochet, SOIL, 1, 131-146, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-131-2015, 2015
- Historic tsunami in Britain since AD 1000: a review by S. K. Haslett and E. A. Bryant, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 587-601, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-587-2008, 2008
- Review Article "Valuating the intangible effects of natural hazards – review and analysis of the costing methods" by V. Markantonis et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 1633-1640, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1633-2012, 2012
- The PREVIEW Global Risk Data Platform: a geoportal to serve and share global data on risk to natural hazards by G. Giuliani and P. Peduzzi, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 53-66, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-53-2011, 2011
- Review of recent advances in index flood estimation by D. Bocchiola et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 7, 283-296, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-283-2003, 2003
- Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands treating wastewater: a review by M. M. R. Jahangir et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 109-123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-109-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in constructed wetlands is inconsistent and does not reveal whether the removal processes are from physical attenuation or transformation to other reactive forms. Previous research did not consider "pollution swapping" driven by transformational processes. Herein the biogeochemical dynamics and fate of carbon and nitrogen and their potential impact on the environment, as well as novel ways in which these knowledge gaps may be eliminated, are explored.
  
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- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- Measuring methods for groundwater – surface water interactions: a review by E. Kalbus et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 873-887, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-873-2006, 2006
- Plankton in the open Mediterranean Sea: a review by I. Siokou-Frangou et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 1543-1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1543-2010, 2010
- Meteor smoke influences on the D-region charge balance – review of recent in situ measurements and one-dimensional model results by C. Baumann et al., Ann. Geophys., 31, 2049-2062, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2049-2013, 2013
- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- Global indirect aerosol effects: a review by U. Lohmann and J. Feichter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005, 2005
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change by A. Rabatel et al., The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013
- The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue by T. Tanhua et al., Ocean Sci., 9, 789-803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013
- Review Article: "The Lagrangian description of aperiodic flows: a case study of the Kuroshio Current" by C. Mendoza and A. M. Mancho, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 449-472, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-449-2012, 2012
- Self-sustained vibrations in volcanic areas extracted by Independent Component Analysis: a review and new results by E. De Lauro et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 18, 925-940, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-925-2011, 2011
- The use of questionnaires for acquiring information on public perception of natural hazards and risk mitigation – a review of current knowledge and practice by D. K. Bird, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 1307-1325, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1307-2009, 2009
- Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database by S. Martino et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 799-814, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-799-2014, 2014
- Review Article: Potential geomorphic consequences of a future great (M_w = 8.0+) Alpine Fault earthquake, South Island, New Zealand by T. R. Robinson and T. R. H. Davies, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2279-2299, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2279-2013, 2013
- Review Article: Lake and breach hazard assessment for moraine-dammed lakes: an example from the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) by A. Emmer and V. Vilímek, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1551-1565, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1551-2013, 2013
- Review article "Remarks on factors influencing shear wave velocities and their role in evaluating susceptibilities to earthquake-triggered slope instability: case study for the Campania area (Italy)" by V. Paoletti, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 2147-2158, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2147-2012, 2012
- Wetland nutrient removal: a review of the evidence by J. Fisher and M. C. Acreman, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 673-685, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-673-2004, 2004
- The effects of riparian forest management on the freshwater environment: a literature review of best management practice by S. Broadmeadow and T. R. Nisbet, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 286-305, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-286-2004, 2004
- Review of robust measurement of phosphorus in river water: sampling, storage, fractionation and sensitivity by H. P. Jarvie et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 113-131, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-113-2002, 2002
- Soil–aquifer phenomena affecting groundwater under vertisols: a review by D. Kurtzman et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Vertisols are cracking clayey, arable soils that often overlay groundwater reservoirs. The soil cracks enable flow that bypasses soil blocks, which results in both relatively fresh recharge of the underlying groundwater and contamination with reactive contaminants. These special phenomena, as well as unique mechanism of salinization after cultivation and relative resilience to contamination by nitrate typical to groundwater under vertisols, are reviewed in this study.
  
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- Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity by J. F. Schyns et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4581-4608, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015, 2015
- Water-soluble organic carbon in snow and ice deposited at Alpine, Greenland, and Antarctic sites: a critical review of available data and their atmospheric relevance by M. Legrand et al., Clim. Past, 9, 2195-2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
- Tracing the origin of dissolved silicon transferred from various soil-plant systems towards rivers: a review by J.-T. Cornelis et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 89-112, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-89-2011, 2011
- Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review by N. Brüggemann et al., Biogeosciences, 8, 3457-3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3457-2011, 2011
- Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research by Dong-Gill Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 4789-4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  African natural ecosystems and agricultural lands are a significant source of GHG. However, there are huge research gaps and understanding of Africa's contribution to global GHG emissions remains highly uncertain. The strategy for addressing this data gap involves identifying priorities for data acquisition, utilizing appropriate technologies, and establishing networks and collaboration.
  
  Hide
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil N₂O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis by J. van Lent et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7299-7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil resources and climate jointly drive variations in microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in China's forest ecosystems by Z. H. Zhou and C. K. Wang, Biogeosciences, 12, 6751-6760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6751-2015, 2015
- Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint by J. A. Gamon, Biogeosciences, 12, 4509-4523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4509-2015, 2015
- Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review by A. P. Walsh et al., Ann. Geophys., 32, 705-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, 2014
- Transient and localized processes in the magnetotail: a review by A. S. Sharma et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 955-1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-955-2008, 2008
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
  Hide
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
  Hide
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems by S. M. Burrows et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9263-9280, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9263-2009, 2009
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review by J. Zahardis and G. A. Petrucci, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237-1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007
- Global observations and modeling of atmosphere–surface exchange of elemental mercury: a critical review by Wei Zhu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4451-4480, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4451-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Reliable quantification of air-surfaces flux of elemental mercury vapor (Hg⁰) is crucial for understanding Hg global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the state of science in the atmosphere-surface exchange of elemental Hg. We compiled an up-to-date global observational flux database and discuss the implication of flux data on global Hg budget. The knowledge gap and research needs for future measurements and modeling efforts were discussed.
  
  Hide
- Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review by David S. McLagan et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061-3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
  
  Hide
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
- A review of the theoretical basis for bulk mass flux convective parameterization by R. S. Plant, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3529-3544, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3529-2010, 2010
Monitoring
MOPITT
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
  Hide
Mount St. Helens
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- Contact freezing: a review of experimental studies by L. A. Ladino Moreno et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9745-9769, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9745-2013, 2013
Multi-hazard
- A global comparison of community-based responses to natural hazards by Barbara Paterson and Anthony Charles, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2465-2475, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2465-2019, 2019 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Communities need to be prepared to deal with increasing exposure to natural hazards. We compared and categorized hazard responses reported in over 300 community case studies. A global overview of local response actions can help local communities, policymakers and funding agencies to develop effective strategies to prepare for and manage natural disasters. We found that actions are typically hazard specific and most directed at individual and material well-being.
  
  Hide
- Epistemic uncertainties and natural hazard risk assessment – Part 1: A review of different natural hazard areas by Keith J. Beven et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2741-2768, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2741-2018, 2018 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This paper discusses how uncertainties resulting from lack of knowledge are considered in a number of different natural hazard areas including floods, landslides and debris flows, dam safety, droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic ash clouds and pyroclastic flows, and wind storms. As every analysis is necessarily conditional on the assumptions made about the nature of sources of such uncertainties it is also important to follow the guidelines for good practice suggested in Part 2.
  
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- Review article: Natural hazard risk assessments at the global scale by Philip J. Ward et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1069-1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1069-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  We review the scientific literature on natural hazard risk assessments at the global scale. In doing so, we examine similarities and differences between the approaches taken across the different hazards and identify potential ways in which different hazard communities can learn from each other. Finally, we discuss opportunities for learning from methods and approaches being developed and applied to assess natural hazard risks at more continental or regional scales.
  
  Hide

N

Nadir
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
  Hide
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
  Hide
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
  Hide
- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
  Hide
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
- Reviews and syntheses: Australian vegetation phenology: new insights from satellite remote sensing and digital repeat photography by Caitlin E. Moore et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 5085-5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
  
  Hide
- Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint by J. A. Gamon, Biogeosciences, 12, 4509-4523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4509-2015, 2015
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
NAO
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- Review article "On the origins of decadal climate variability: a network perspective" by A. A. Tsonis and K. L. Swanson, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 559-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-559-2012, 2012
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
  Hide
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
  Hide
Nature-based solutions
NDACC
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
  Hide
- Ground-based FTIR water vapour profile analyses by M. Schneider and F. Hase, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 609-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-609-2009, 2009
NOAA
- A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements by H. Grythe et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1277-1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014, 2014
- Two decades of water vapor measurements with the FISH fluorescence hygrometer: a review by J. Meyer et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8521-8538, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8521-2015, 2015
- Uncertainties in satellite remote sensing of aerosols and impact on monitoring its long-term trend: a review and perspective by Z. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 2755-2770, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2755-2009, 2009
- A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing by H. Yu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-613-2006, 2006
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
  Hide
- A review of marine geomorphometry, the quantitative study of the seafloor by Vincent Lecours et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207-3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
  
  Hide
- A brief review on the presentation of cycle 24, the first integrated solar cycle in the new millennium by K. J. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 29, 341-348, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-341-2011, 2011
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
  Hide
- Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting – Part 1: Review of the accuracy of the remote sensing data by P. Karimi and W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 507-532, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-507-2015, 2015
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- A review of applications of satellite SAR, optical, altimetry and DEM data for surface water modelling, mapping and parameter estimation by Z. N. Musa et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3755-3769, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3755-2015, 2015
- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- Air–sea exchanges of CO₂ in the world's coastal seas by C.-T. A. Chen et al., Biogeosciences, 10, 6509-6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6509-2013, 2013
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- Historic tsunami in Britain since AD 1000: a review by S. K. Haslett and E. A. Bryant, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 587-601, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-587-2008, 2008
- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, field comparisons and dataset adjustments by J. B. R. Matthews, Ocean Sci., 9, 683-694, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-683-2013, 2013
- Review Article: "Adaptive governance and resilience: the role of multi-stakeholder platforms in disaster risk reduction" by R. Djalante, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 2923-2942, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2923-2012, 2012
- Inferences on weather extremes and weather-related disasters: a review of statistical methods by H. Visser and A. C. Petersen, Clim. Past, 8, 265-286, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-265-2012, 2012
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Land-surface modelling in hydrological perspective – a review by J. Overgaard et al., Biogeosciences, 3, 229-241, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-229-2006, 2006
- Reviews and syntheses: Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to total carbon burial by L. H. van der Heijden and N. A. Kamenos, Biogeosciences, 12, 6429-6441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6429-2015, 2015
- Coordinated studies of the geospace environment using Cluster, satellite and ground-based data: an interim review by O. Amm et al., Ann. Geophys., 23, 2129-2170, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2129-2005, 2005
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- A review of the Match technique as applied to AASE-2/EASOE and SOLVE/THESEO 2000 by G. A. Morris et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2571-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-2571-2005, 2005
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Dendrogeomorphology and high-magnitude snow avalanches: a review and case study by D. R. Butler and C. F. Sawyer, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 303-309, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-303-2008, 2008
- Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database by S. Martino et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 799-814, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-799-2014, 2014
- Review Article "Valuating the intangible effects of natural hazards – review and analysis of the costing methods" by V. Markantonis et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 1633-1640, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1633-2012, 2012
- The PREVIEW Global Risk Data Platform: a geoportal to serve and share global data on risk to natural hazards by G. Giuliani and P. Peduzzi, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 53-66, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-53-2011, 2011
- Review and classification of indicators of green water availability and scarcity by J. F. Schyns et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4581-4608, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4581-2015, 2015
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review by S. Duggen et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 827-844, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-827-2010, 2010
- Review: geological and experimental evidence for secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite-aragonite seas) and its effects on marine biological calcification by J. B. Ries, Biogeosciences, 7, 2795-2849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2795-2010, 2010
- Reviews and Syntheses: optical sampling of the flux tower footprint by J. A. Gamon, Biogeosciences, 12, 4509-4523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4509-2015, 2015
- Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems by J. E. Cloern et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 2477-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014, 2014
- Analysis of ionospheric electrodynamic parameters on mesoscales – a review of selected techniques using data from ground-based observation networks and satellites by H. Vanhamäki and O. Amm, Ann. Geophys., 29, 467-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-467-2011, 2011
- A review of the quantitative links between CMEs and magnetic clouds by P. Démoulin, Ann. Geophys., 26, 3113-3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-3113-2008, 2008
- Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes by J. Lilensten et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 269-279, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-269-2008, 2008
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- A review of approaches to estimate wildfire plume injection height within large-scale atmospheric chemical transport models by R. Paugam et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 907-925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-907-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Landscape fire plume height controls fire emissions release in the atmosphere, in particular their transport that may also affect the longevity, chemical conversion, and fate of the plumes chemical constituents. Here, we review how such landscape-scale fire smoke plume injection heights are represented in large-scale atmospheric transport models aiming to represent the impacts of wildfire emissions on component of the Earth system.
  
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- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
NOx
- Reactive nitrogen in atmospheric emission inventories by S. Reis et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7657-7677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7657-2009, 2009
- Review of effective emissions modeling and computation by R. Paoli et al., Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 643-667, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-643-2011, 2011
- An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts by A. M. Grannas et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4329-4373, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4329-2007, 2007
- A review of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene by A. G. Carlton et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4987-5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4987-2009, 2009
- A review of the anthropogenic influence on biogenic secondary organic aerosol by C. R. Hoyle et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-321-2011, 2011
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies by B. Ervens et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11069-11102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11069-2011, 2011
- A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe by J. Kukkonen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-1-2012, 2012
- Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review by M. Kanakidou et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053-1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005
- Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion by W. R. Simpson et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375-4418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4375-2007, 2007
- The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis by D. Helmig et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 15-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-15-2007, 2007
- A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow by T. Bartels-Rausch et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1587-1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1587-2014, 2014
- Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry by F. Domine et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 171-208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-171-2008, 2008
- Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research by D.-G. Kim et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 2459-2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2459-2012, 2012
- Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models by Hélène Angot et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10735-10763, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This is a synthesis of the atmospheric mercury (Hg) monitoring data available in recent years (2011–2015) in the Arctic and in Antarctica along with a comparison of these observations with numerical simulations using four cutting-edge global models. Based on this comparison, we discuss whether the processes that affect atmospheric Hg seasonality and interannual variability are appropriately represented in the models, and identify remaining research gaps.
  
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- Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing by D. A. Lack and J. J. Corbett, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3985-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3985-2012, 2012
- A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow by A. Steffen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1445-1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1445-2008, 2008
- Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review by Lei Zhang et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 2417-2433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2417-2016, 2016
- A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system by K. S. Carslaw et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1701-1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1701-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Soil N₂O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis by J. van Lent et al., Biogeosciences, 12, 7299-7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015
- Technical Note: Review of methods for linear least-squares fitting of data and application to atmospheric chemistry problems by C. A. Cantrell, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5477-5487, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5477-2008, 2008
- Data assimilation of stratospheric constituents: a review by W. A. Lahoz et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5745-5773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5745-2007, 2007
- Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review by R. Sander et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301-1336, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003
- Assessing large-scale weekly cycles in meteorological variables: a review by A. Sanchez-Lorenzo et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5755-5771, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5755-2012, 2012
- A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements by F. Sprovieri et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8245-8265, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8245-2010, 2010
- Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010 by C. Scannell et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 123-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-123-2012, 2012
- A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles by J. S. Reid et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 799-825, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-799-2005, 2005
- Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review by X. W. Fu et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9455-9476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9455-2015, 2015
- Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere by R.-S. Massad et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10359-10386, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10359-2010, 2010

O

Ocean Acidification
- Dimethylsulfide (DMS), marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs by Rebecca L. Jackson et al., Biogeosciences, 17, 2181-2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2181-2020, 2020 Short summary
  
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  Coral reefs are a strong source of atmospheric sulfur through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). This biogenic sulfur can influence aerosol and cloud properties and, consequently, the radiative balance over the ocean. DMS emissions may therefore help to mitigate coral physiological stress via increased low-level cloud cover and reduced sea surface temperature. The importance of DMS in coral physiology and climate is reviewed and the implications for coral bleaching are discussed.
  
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- Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems by Khan M. G. Mostofa et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 1767-1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016, 2016
- Reviews and Syntheses: Responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification: a meta-analysis by J. Meyer and U. Riebesell, Biogeosciences, 12, 1671-1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1671-2015, 2015
ODIN
Open science
Oscillation
- Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half-year by C. K. Folland et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2353-2375, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2353-2015, 2015
- Review article "On the origins of decadal climate variability: a network perspective" by A. A. Tsonis and K. L. Swanson, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 19, 559-568, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-559-2012, 2012
- Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research by P. Malanotte-Rizzoli et al., Ocean Sci., 10, 281-322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
- Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean by U. Dayan et al., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2525-2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2525-2015, 2015
- Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review by R. Döscher et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571-13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
- A review of droughts on the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective by I. Masih et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3635-3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014, 2014
- A review of the South American monsoon history as recorded in stable isotopic proxies over the past two millennia by M. Vuille et al., Clim. Past, 8, 1309-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1309-2012, 2012
- Review: visual analytics of climate networks by T. Nocke et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 545-570, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-545-2015, 2015
- Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a review and synthesis by Chris M. DeBeer et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573-1598, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1573-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  This paper provides a comprehensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the observed changes in air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge over the interior of western Canada since the mid- or late 20th century. Important long-term observational networks and data sets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing Earth system components are highlighted.
  
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- Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change by A. Rabatel et al., The Cryosphere, 7, 81-102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-81-2013, 2013
- Review article "Geo-neutrinos" by L. Ludhova, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 1, 221-227, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-1-221-2012, 2012
- Stochastic generation of annual, monthly and daily climate data: A review by R. Srikanthan and T. A. McMahon, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 653-670, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-653-2001, 2001
- Transient and localized processes in the magnetotail: a review by A. S. Sharma et al., Ann. Geophys., 26, 955-1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-955-2008, 2008
- Accomplishments of the MUSICA project to provide accurate, long-term, global and high-resolution observations of tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs – a review by Matthias Schneider et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2845-2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2845-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
  Short summary
  
  Tropospheric {H₂O,δD} pairs can be observed by remote sensing techniques, but the data quality strongly depends on a comprehensive consideration of the complex nature and a careful calibration of the remote sensing data pairs. This paper reviews the quality assurance/documentation activities of the MUSICA project and demonstrates that MUSICA’s ground-based FTIR and space-based IASI {H₂O,δD} pair products are accurate and can be generated at a global scale with high resolution and for long periods.
  
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- The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants by M. Gloor et al., Biogeosciences, 9, 5407-5430, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5407-2012, 2012
- Plankton in the open Mediterranean Sea: a review by I. Siokou-Frangou et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 1543-1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1543-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Australian vegetation phenology: new insights from satellite remote sensing and digital repeat photography by Caitlin E. Moore et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 5085-5102, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5085-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Australian vegetation phenology is highly variable due to the diversity of ecosystems on the continent. We explore continental-scale variability using satellite remote sensing by broadly classifying areas as seasonal, non-seasonal, or irregularly seasonal. We also examine ecosystem-scale phenology using phenocams and show that some broadly non-seasonal ecosystems do display phenological variability. Overall, phenocams are useful for understanding ecosystem-scale Australian vegetation phenology.
  
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- Phytoplankton primary production in the world's estuarine-coastal ecosystems by J. E. Cloern et al., Biogeosciences, 11, 2477-2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2477-2014, 2014
- A brief review on the presentation of cycle 24, the first integrated solar cycle in the new millennium by K. J. Li et al., Ann. Geophys., 29, 341-348, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-341-2011, 2011
- A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz by Hélène Brogniez et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2207-2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2207-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Because a systematic difference between measurements of water vapor performed by space-borne observing instruments in the microwave spectral domain and their numerical modeling was recently highlighted, this work discusses and gives an overview of the various errors and uncertainties associated with each element in the comparison process. Indeed, the knowledge of absolute errors in any observation of the climate system is key, more specifically because we need to detect small changes.
  
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- Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system: a review by T. Vihma et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9403-9450, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9403-2014, 2014
- Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review by M. G. Lawrence and J. Lelieveld, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11017-2010, 2010
- The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue by T. Tanhua et al., Ocean Sci., 9, 789-803, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-789-2013, 2013
- Comparing historical and modern methods of sea surface temperature measurement – Part 1: Review of methods, field comparisons and dataset adjustments by J. B. R. Matthews, Ocean Sci., 9, 683-694, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-683-2013, 2013
- Self-sustained vibrations in volcanic areas extracted by Independent Component Analysis: a review and new results by E. De Lauro et al., Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 18, 925-940, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-925-2011, 2011
- Review Article: Potential geomorphic consequences of a future great (M_w = 8.0+) Alpine Fault earthquake, South Island, New Zealand by T. R. Robinson and T. R. H. Davies, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2279-2299, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2279-2013, 2013
- Water consumption from hydropower plants – review of published estimates and an assessment of the concept by T. H. Bakken et al., Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3983-4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3983-2013, 2013
- Diel variations in the carbon isotope composition of respired CO₂ and associated carbon sources: a review of dynamics and mechanisms by C. Werner and A. Gessler, Biogeosciences, 8, 2437-2459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2437-2011, 2011
- Modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics and hypoxia by M. A. Peña et al., Biogeosciences, 7, 933-957, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-933-2010, 2010
- Reviews and syntheses: Four decades of modeling methane cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by Xiaofeng Xu et al., Biogeosciences, 13, 3735-3755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016, 2016 Short summary
  
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  Accurately projecting future climate change requires a good methane modeling. However, how good the current models are and what are the key improvements needed remain unclear. This paper reviews the 40 published methane models to characterize the strengths and weakness of current methane models and further lay out the roadmap for future model improvements.
  
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- Dawn–dusk asymmetries in the coupled solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere system: a review by A. P. Walsh et al., Ann. Geophys., 32, 705-737, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-705-2014, 2014
- A review of recent MLT studies at low latitudes by B. R. Clemesha, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3261-3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3261-2004, 2004
- The role of atmospheric ions in aerosol nucleation – a review by M. B. Enghoff and H. Svensmark, Atmos. Che